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Chemical education is essential to everybody because it deals with ideas that play major roles in personal, social, and economic decisions. This book is based on three principles: that all aspects of chemical education should be associated with research; that the development of opportunities for chemical education should be both a continuous process and be linked to research; and that the professional development of all those associated with chemical education should make extensive and diverse use of that research. It is intended for: pre-service and practising chemistry teachers and lecturers; chemistry teacher educators; chemical education researchers; the designers and managers of formal chemical curricula; informal chemical educators; authors of textbooks and curriculum support materials; practising chemists and chemical technologists. It addresses: the relation between chemistry and chemical education; curricula for chemical education; teaching and learning about chemical compounds and chemical change; the development of teachers; the development of chemical education as a field of enquiry. This is mainly done in respect of the full range of formal education contexts (schools, universities, vocational colleges) but also in respect of informal education contexts (books, science centres and museums).
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CHEMICAL EDUCATION: TOWARDS RESEARCH-BASED PRACTICE
Science & Technology Education Library VOLUME 17 SERIES EDITOR William W. Cobern, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, USA FOUNDING EDITOR Ken Tobin, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA EDITORIAL BOARD Beverley Bell, University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand Henry Brown-Acquay, University College of Education of Winneba, Ghana Mariona Espinet, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Spain Gurol Irzik, Bogazici University, Istanbul, Turkey Olugbemiro Jegede, The Open University, Hong Kong Reuven Lazarowitz, Technion, Haifa, Israel Lilia Reyes Herrera, Universidad Autónoma de Columbia, Bogota, Colombia Marrisa Rollnick, College of Science, Johannesburg, South Africa Wolff-Michael Roth, University of Victoria, Canada Svein Sjøberg, University of Oslo, Norway Hsiao-lin Tuan, National Changhua University of Education, Taiwan SCOPE The book series Science & Technology Education Library provides a publication forum for scholarship in science and technology education. It aims to publish innovative books which are at the forefront of the field. Monographs as well as collections of papers will be published.
The titles published in this series are listed at the end of this volume.
Chemical Education: Towards Research-based Practice
Edited by
JOHN K. GILBERT The University of Reading, U.K.
ONNO DE JONG Utrecht University, The Netherlands
ROSÁRIA JUSTI Federal University of Minas Gerias, Brazil
DAVID F. TREAGUST Curtin University of Technology, Australia and
JAN H. VAN DRIEL Leiden University, The Netherlands
KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS NEW YORK, BOSTON, DORDRECHT, LONDON, MOSCOW
eBook ISBN: Print ISBN:
0-306-47977-X 1-4020-1112-1
©2003 Kluwer Academic Publishers New York, Boston, Dordrecht, London, Moscow Print ©2002 Kluwer Academic Publishers Dordrecht All rights reserved No part of this eBook may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, recording, or otherwise, without written consent from the Publisher Created in the United States of America Visit Kluwer Online at: and Kluwer's eBookstore at:
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CONTENTS Acknowledgements
ix
General Preface John K. Gilbert, Onno De Jong, Rosária Justi, David F. Treagust, Jan H. Van Driel
xi
Foreword Dorothy Gabel
xv
Section A: Chemistry and Chemical Educat