A Path Toward Gender Equality: State Feminism In Japan

EAST ASIA HISTORY, POLITICS, SOCIOLOGY, CULTURE Edited by Edward Beauchamp University of Hawaii A ROUTLEDGE SERIES EAST ASIA: HISTORY, POLITICS, SOCIOLOGY, CULTURE EDWARD BEAUCHAMP, General Editor JAPAN'S F OREIGN POLICY MATURATION A Quest for Normalcy Kevin J.Cooney A POLITICAL ECONOMY ANALYSIS OF CHINA'S CIVIL AVIATION INDUSTRY Mark Dougan ENGINEERING THE STATE The Huai River and Reconstruction in Nationalist China, 1927–1937 David A.Pietz THE BIBLE AND THE GUN Christianity in South China, 1860– 1900 Joseph Tse-Hei Lee JAPANESE DIRECT INVESTMENT IN CHINA Locational Determinants and Characteristics John F.Cassidy SHOKO-KEN A Late Medieval Daime Sukiya Style Japanese Tea-House Robin Noel Walker FROM TRANSITION TO POWER ALTERNATION Democracy in South Korea, 1987– 1997 Carl J.Saxer HISTORY OF JAPANESE POLICIES IN EDUCATION AID TO DEVELOPING COUNTRIES, 1950s±1990s The Role of the Subgovernmental Processes Takao Kamibeppu AN AMERICAN EDITOR IN EARLY REVOLUTIONARY CHINA John William Powell and the China Weekly/Monthly Review Neil L.O'Brien BETWEEN SACRIFICE AND DESIRE National Identity and the Governing of Femininity in Vietnam Ashley Pettus NEW CULTURE IN A NEW WORLD The May Fourth Movement and the democraticChinese Diaspora in Singapore, 1919–1932 David L.Kenley ALLIANCE IN ANXIETY Détente and the Sino-AmericanJapanese Triangle Go Ito iii STATE AND SOCIETY IN CHINA'S DEMOCRATIC TRANSITION Confucianism, Leninism, and Economic Development Xiaoqin Guo THE RENAISSANCE OF TAKEFU How People and the Local Past Changed the Civic Life of a Regional Japanese Town Guven Peter Witteveen IN SEARCH OF AN IDENTITY The Politics of History as a School Subject in Hong Kong, 1960s–2002 Edward Vickers THE PROSPECTS FOR A REGIONAL HUMAN RIGHTS MECHANISM IN EAST ASIA Hidetoshi Hashimoto PITFALL OR PANACEA The Irony of US Power in Occupied Japan, 1945–1952 Yoneyuki Sugita AMERICAN WOMEN MISSIONARIES AT KOBE COLLEGE, 1873±1909 New Dimensions in Gender Noriko Kawamura Ishii iv A PATH TOWARD GENDER EQUALITY State Feminism in Japan Yoshie Kobayashi ROUTLEDGE NEW YORK & LONDON Published in 2004 by Routledge 29 West 35th Street New York, NY 10001 Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group. This edition published in the Taylor & Francis e-Library, 2005. “To purchase your own copy of this or any of Taylor & Francis or Routledge’s collection of thousands of eBooks please go to www.eBookstore.tandf.co.uk.” Copyright © 2004 Routledge All right reserved. No part of this book may be printed or utilized in any form or by any electronic, mechanical or other means, now know or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or any other information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Library of Congress Cataloging-In-Publication Data Kobayashi, Yoshie, 1955– A path toward gender equality: state feminism in Japan/by Yoshie Kobayashi. p. cm.—(East Asia: history, politics, sociology, culture) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-415-94788-X 1. Women’s rights—Japan. 2. Women—Government policy—Japan. 3. Women—Employment—Law and legislation—Japan. 4. Japan. Råodåoshåo. Joseikyoku. I. Title. II. Series: East Asia (New York, N.Y) HQ1236.5.J3K63 2003 305.42 ′0952—dc22 2003020797 Kobayashi, Yoshie. A Path Toward Gender Equality: State Feminism in Japan ISBN 0-203-57795-7 (Adobe eReader Format) ISBN 0-203-50867-X Master e-book ISBN ISBN: 0-415-94788- X (Print Edition) Table of Contents LIST