Historical Linguistics 2003: International Conference On Historical Linguistics, Copenhagen, 11-15 August 2003

HISTORICAL LINGUISTICS 2003 AMSTERDAM STUDIES IN THE THEORY AND HISTORY OF LINGUISTIC SCIENCE General Editor E.F. KONRAD KOERNER (Zentrum für Allgemeine Sprachwissenschaft, Typologie und Universalienforschung, Berlin) Series IV – CURRENT ISSUES IN LINGUISTIC THEORY Advisory Editorial Board Lyle Campbell (Salt Lake City); Sheila Embleton (Toronto) Brian D. Joseph (Columbus, Ohio); John E. Joseph (Edinburgh) Manfred Krifka (Berlin); E. Wyn Roberts (Vancouver, B.C.) Joseph C. Salmons (Madison, Wis.); Hans-Jürgen Sasse (Köln) Volume 257 Michael Fortescue, Eva Skafte Jensen, Jens Erik Mogensen and Lene Schøsler (eds.) Historical Linguistics 2003. Selected papers from the 6th International Conference on Historical Linguistics, Copenhagen, –5 August 2003 HISTORICAL LINGUISTICS 2003 SELECTED PAPERS FROM THE 16TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON HISTORICAL LINGUISTICS, COPENHAGEN, 11–15 AUGUST 2003 Edited by MICHAEL FORTESCUE University of Copenhagen EVA SKAFTE JENSEN Roskilde University JENS ERIK MOGENSEN University of Copenhagen LENE SCHØSLER University of Copenhagen JOHN BENJAMINS PUBLISHING COMPANY AMSTERDAM/PHILADELPHIA 8 TM The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of American National Standard for Information Sciences — Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials, ANSI Z39.48-984. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data International Conference on Historical Linguistics (6th : 2003 : Copenhagen, Denmark) Historical linguistics 2003 : selected papers from the 6th International Conference on Historical Linguistics, Copenhagen, -5 August 2003 / edited by Michael Fortescue … [et al.]. p. cm. -- (Amsterdam studies in the theory and history of linguistic science. Series IV, Current issues in linguistic theory, ISSN 0304-0763 ; v. 257) Includes bibliographical references and index. . Historical linguistics--Congresses. I. Fortescue, Michael D. II. Title. III. Series. P40.I5 2003 47'.7--dc22 200504624 ISBN 90 272 477 4 (Eur.) /  588 586 0 (US) (Hb; alk. paper) © 2005 – John Benjamins B.V. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form, by print, photoprint, microfilm, or any other means, without written permission from the publisher. John Benjamins Publishing Co. • P.O.Box 36224 • 020 ME Amsterdam • The Netherlands John Benjamins North America • P.O.Box 2759 • Philadelphia PA 98-059 • USA Table of contents Preface vii Typological reflections on loss of morphological case in Middle Low German and in the Mainland Scandinavian languages 1 John Ole Askedal Ethnoreconstruction in Kok-Papónk 21 Paul Black Raising verbs vs. auxiliaries 31 Kasper Boye On the origin of the final unstressed [i] in Brazilian and other varieties of Portuguese: New evidence in an enduring debate 47 Maria José Carvalho Socio-historical evidence for copula variability in rural Southern America 61 Gaillynn D. Clements Main stress left in Early Middle English 75 B. Elan Dresher and Aditi Lahiri Some dialectal, sociolectal and communicative aspects of word order variation and change in Late Middle English 87 Tamás Eitler Using universal principles of phonetic qualitative reduction in grammaticalization to explain the Old Spanish shift from ge to se 103 Andrés Enrique-Arias The origin of transitive auxiliary verbs in Chukotko-Kamchatkan Michael Fortescue 115  Table of contents Grammaticalisation and Latin Michèle Fruyt 131 Paths of semantic extension: From cause to beneficiary and purpose 141 Silvia Luraghi Vanishing discourse markers: Lat. et vs. sic in Old French and Old Romanian 159 Maria M. Manoliu From ditransitive to monotransitive structure in the history of the Spanish language. Reanalysis of objects: A case of incorporation