The International Politics Of The Middle East (regional International Politics Series)

The international politics of the Middle East Regional International Politics series Already published in the series: Anderson: Calvert: Hewitt: Hyde-Price: Pinkney: Webber: The international politics of Central Asia The international politics of Latin America The new international politics of South Asia The international politics of East Central Europe The international politics of East Africa The international politics of Russia and the successor states The international politics of the Middle East Raymond Hinnebusch Manchester University Press Manchester and New York distributed exclusively in the USA by Palgrave Copyright © Raymond Hinnebusch 2003 The right of Raymond Hinnebusch to be identified as the author of this work has been asserted by him in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. Published by Manchester University Press Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9NR, UK and Room 400, 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10010, USA www.manchesteruniversitypress.co.uk Distributed exclusively in the USA by Palgrave, 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10010, USA Distributed exclusively in Canada by UBC Press, University of British Columbia, 2029 West Mall, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6T 1Z2 British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data applied for ISBN 0 7190 5345 5 hardback 0 7190 5346 3 paperback First published 2003 11 10 09 08 07 06 05 04 03 Typeset in Sabon by Servis Filmsetting Ltd, Manchester Printed in Great Britain by Bell & Bain Ltd, Glasgow 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 To Yuki Contents List of abbreviations Map of the Middle East 1 Introduction to the international politics of the Middle East page viii ix 1 2 Core and periphery: the international system and the Middle East 14 3 Identity and sovereignty in the regional system 54 4 State formation and international behaviour 73 5 Foreign policy making in the Middle East 91 6 Comparative foreign policies: explaining foreign policy variation 121 7 War and order in the regional system 154 8 The Middle East in a decade of globalisation (1991–2001) 204 Bibliography Index 240 257 List of abbreviations ARAMCO AWACS CENTO CIA GCC GDP GNP HAMAS IMF LDCs MNCs NATO OIC OPEC PA PKK PLO SAVAK UAR UN UNSC US USSR WMD Arabian-American Oil Company Airborne Warning and Control System Central Treaty Organisation Central Intelligence Organisation (US) Gulf Co-operation Council Gross Domestic Product Gross National Product Movement of the Islamic Resistance International Monetary Fund Less Developed Countries Multinational Corporations North Atlantic Treaty Organisation Organisation of the Islamic Conference Organisation of Petroleum Exporting Countries Palestinian Authority Kurdish Workers Party Palestine Liberation Organisation Iran’s secret police under the Shah United Arab Republic United Nations United Nations Security Council United States Union of Soviet Socialist Republics Weapons of Mass Destruction 1 Introduction to the international politics of the Middle East This book and the study of the Middle East This study takes the Middle East to be constituted around an Arab core, with a shared identity but fragmented into multiple territorial states; the core is flanked by a periphery of non-Arab states – Turkey, Iran and Israel – which are an intimate part of the region’s conflicts and an integral part of its balance of power (Cantori and Spiegel 1970; Ismael 1986: 5–13). Because the Middle East’s unique features defy analyses based on any one conceptual approach to international relations, this stu