The Scientific Revolution And Medicine 1450-1700 (the History Of Medicine)

THE HISTORY of MEDICINE THE SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION AND MEDICINE 1450–1700 THE HISTORY of MEDICINE THE SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION AND MEDICINE 1450–1700 KATE KELLY THE SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION AND MEDICINE: 1450–1700 Copyright © 2010 by Kate Kelly All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage or retrieval systems, without permission in writing from the publisher. For information contact: Facts On File, Inc. An imprint of Infobase Publishing 132 West 31st Street New York NY 10001 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Kelly, Kate, 1950The scientific revolution and medicine : 1450–1700 / Kate Kelly. p. cm. — (The history of medicine) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN-13: 978-0-8160-7207-1 (hardcover) ISBN-10: 0-8160-7207-8 (hardcover) ISBN: 978-1-4381-2636-4 (e-book) 1. Medicine—History—15th century—Popular works. 2. Medicine—History— 16th century—Popular works. 3. Medicine—History—17th century—Popular works. 4. Discoveries in science—History—Popular works. I. Title. R146.K45 2010 610.9—dc22 2008055603 Facts On File books are available at special discounts when purchased in bulk quantities for businesses, associations, institutions, or sales promotions. Please call our Special Sales Department in New York at (212) 967-8800 or (800) 322-8755. You can fi nd Facts On File on the World Wide Web at http://www.factsonfi le.com Text design by Annie O’Donnell Illustrations by Bobbi McCutcheon Photo research by Elizabeth H. Oakes Printed in the United States of America Bang Hermitage 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 This book is printed on acid-free paper. xviii+158_HoM_SciRevFNL.indd 4 10/16/09 2:26:47 PM ConTenTs Preface Acknowledgments Introduction 1 mediCine:readyforaneWsTarT Galenic Medicine Still Prevails Two Other Practices of the Day Paracelsus Leads the Way New Discoveries Challenge Old Ideas Leonardo da Vinci (1452–1519): Contributions to Medical Knowledge An Understanding of Proportions How the Invention of the Printing Press Contributed to Medicine Conclusion 2 amazingadvanCesinanaTomy Vesalius and What He Learned about the Structure of the Human Body De humani corporis fabrica libri septum Serveto Recognizes Pulmonary Circulation Realdo Colombo Further Illuminates the Blood Falloppio and His Discoveries Bartolomeo Eustachio: Founder of Modern Anatomy Santorio and the Body as Machine Conclusion 3 amazingadvanCesinsUrgery The Father of Modern Surgery A Change in Weaponry Necessitates a Change in Wound Care viii xii xiii 1 4 6 8 11 13 18 19 20 21 23 26 28 30 31 33 36 38 9 41 43 Paré Implements Many Advances Debunking Popular Medicines of the Day Other Notables in the Field of Surgery Midwifery Is Improved Surgery Achieves Greater Respect Conclusion 4 W  illiam Harvey Transforms Understanding of the  Circulatory System 46 48 48 54 56 58 59 Earlier Theories of the Blood (Pre-Harvey) An Islamic Physician Provides Other Answers Harvey Breaks New Ground Reaction to Harvey’s Theories A Remaining Question Answered by Malpighi On Embryology The Study of Physiology Grows Conclusion 60 62 63 66 67 68 70 73 5 The Microscope and Other Discoveries 74 The Development of the Microscope Leeuwenhoek and His Lenses Robert Hooke: Forgotten Genius Living Things from Nowhere Hooke’s Work in Microscopic Matters The Rise of Scurvy Smallpox Takes on New Virulence Conclusion 6 Syphilis and What It Reveals of the Day Syphilis The Possible Origins of Syphilis How the Disease Came to Be Called Syphilis Treatment Theories 76 79 81 82 84 87 89 91