Advances in MARINE BIOLOGY VOLUME 15 This Page Intentionally Left Blank Advances in MARINE BIOLOGY VOLUME 15 Edited by SIR FREDERICK S. RUSSELL Plymouth, England and SIR MAURICE YONGE Edinburgh, Scotland Academic Press London New York San Francisco 1978 A Subsidiary of Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, Publish-srs ACADEMIC PRESS INC. (LONDON) LTD. 24-28 OVAL ROAD LONDON NW1 7DX U.X. Edition published by ACADEMIC PRESS INC. 111 FIFTH AVENUE NEW YORK, NEW YORK Copyright 10003 0 1978 by Academic Press Inc. (London) Ltd. All rights reserved NO p a r OF THIS BOOK MAY BE REPRODUCED IN ANY FORM BY PHOTOSTAT, MICROFILM, OR ANY OTHER MEANS, WITHOUT WRITTEN PERMISSION FROM THE PUBLISHERS Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 63-14040 ISBN: 0-12-026115-4 PRINTED IN GREAT BRITAIN BY THE WEITEFRIARS PRESS LTD., LONDON A N D TONBRIDGE CONTRIBUTORS TO VOLUME 15 CHRISTOPHER J. CORKETT,Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada. E. D. S. CORNER, The Laboratory, Marine Biological Association, Plymouth, England. ANTHONY G. DAVIES,The Laboratory, Narine Biological Associa,tion, Plymouth, England. IANA. MCLAREN,Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada. M. R . REEVE,University of Miami, School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, Miami, Florida, U.S.A. F. S. RUSSELL,Marine Biological Association, Citadel Hill, Plymonth, England. M. A. WALTERS,University of Miami, Xchool of Marine and Atmospheric Science, Miami, Florida, U.S.A. This Page Intentionally Left Blank CONTENTS CONTRIBUTORS TO VOLUME 15 .. .. .. .. .. v 2 The Biology of Pseudocalanus CHRISTOPHERJ. CORKETTAND IAN A. MCLAREN I. Introduction .. .. .. .. .. .. 11. Systematics . . A. Nomenclature.. .. .. B. " Physiological " Species . . C. Variations in DNA Content D. Retrospects and Prospects . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 111. Distribution and Abundance A. Geographical Distribution . . .. .. B. Abundance .. .. .. .. .. C. Temporal Variations. . .. .. D. Vertical Distribution. . .. .. . . E. Sampling Problems and Microdistribution F. Physical-chemical Limits to Distribution . . G. Retrospects and Prospects . . .. .. I . .. .. IV. Morphology . . A. Embryo .. .. B. Nauplii .. C. Copepodids (C I-C V) D. Adults (C V I) . . .. E. Retrospects and Prospects .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 3 3 9 9 11 11 11 17 18 20 22 23 26 .. 27 29 29 29 31 37 .. .. . . .. .. V. Respiration . . A. Factors Influencing Rate of Oxygen Consumption B. Respiration and Food Requirements .. .. C. Retrospects and Prospects . . .. .. .. 37 38 42 43 .. Vii .. .. .. .. ..