Advances In Genetics

ADVANCES IN GENETICS VOLUME I11 This Page Intentionally Left Blank ADVANCES IN GENETICS VOLUME I11 Edited by M. DEMEREC Camegie Institution, Cold Spring Harbor, N . Y . Editorial Board G . W. BEADL~C WILLIAM C. h i m TH. DOBZHANSKY L. C. DUNN MERLET. JENKINS JAYL. LUSH ALFRED MIRSKY H. J. MULLER J. T. PATTERSON M. M. RHOADES L. J. STADLER CURTSTERN 1950 ACADEMIC PRESS INC., PUBLISHERS NEW YORK, N. Y. Copyright 1960, by ACADEMIC PRESS INC. 1% EAST2am STREET NEW YORX10, N. Y. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form, photostat, microfilm, or any other meana, without written permiaaion from the publishers. SECOND PRINTING, 1956 PRINTED IN THlE UNITED STATES OF AMEBICA CONTRIBUTORS TO VOLUME I11 BEBTHEDELAPORTE, Laboratoire de Cytologie Vdgdtale, Ecole des Hautes Etudes, Paria, France N. H.HOROWITZ, Kerckhoff Laboratories of Biology, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California E. B. LEWIS,Kerckhoff Laboratories of Biology, California Znstitute of Technology, Pasadena, California A. R. G. OWEN,Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, England FREDERICK D. RICHEY,United States Department of Agriculture, Knozville, Tennessee ESKOSUOMALAINEN, Institute of Genetics, The University, Helsinki, Finland This Page Intentionally Left Blank CONTRIBUTORS TO VOLUMEI11 .................. v Observations on the Cytology of Bacteria BY BERTHEDELAPORTE. Laboratoire de Cytologie ViggBtale. Ecole des Hautes Etudes. Pans. France I. I1. I11. IV . V. VI . VII . VIII . Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Useful Methods of Studying Bacterial Cytology . . . . . . . . . Cytological Observations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Discussion and Explanation of Observations . . . . . . . . . . Nuclear Structures in a Streptomycin-Dependent Strain of E . coli . . Lysis of B . cereus and E . coli by Bacteriophages . . . . . . . . . Summary ....................... References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 2 6 12 15 15 16 18 Biochemical Genetics of Neurospora BY N . H. HOROWITZ. Kerckhoff Laboratories of Biology. California Institute of Technology. Pasadena. California I. I1. I11. IV . V. Introduction . . . . . . . . . Cytology and Genetics . . . . Biochemistry . . . . . . . . . The Gene as a Unit of Function . References . . . . . . . . . . .. . . .. . . .. . . . . . .......... . . . . . . . . . . . .......... . . . . . . . . . . . .......... 33 35 40 60 68 The Phenomenon of Position Effect BY E . B. LEWIS.Kerckhoff Laboratories of Biology. California Institute of Technology. Pasadena. California I. I1. I11. IV . V. VI . VII . VIII . Introduction and Classification of Position Effects . . . . . . Variegation Involving Genes Located in Euchromatin . . . . The Behavior of Genes Located in or near Heterochromatin . . The Stable-Type Position Effects . . . . . . . . . . . . Position Effect in Oenothera blandina . . . . . . . . . . Interpretations of the Position Effect Phenomenon Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........ 73 76 93 99 107 109 111 112 The Theory of Genetical Recombination BY A . R . G . OWEN.Department of Genetics. University of Cambridge. England I. I1. I11. IV. V. VI . Introduct