ADVANCES IN Applied Microbiology VOLUME 6 CONTRIBUTORS TO THIS VOLUME Aris P. Bayan Henry L. Ehrlich Nancy A. Giuffre Herbert S. Goldberg Carl-Goran Hdden 8. W. Koft P. Margalith D. Perlman Melvin P. Silverman Irwin W. Sizer Mortimer P. Starr Wayne W. Umbreit K. Wuhrmann ADVANCES I N Applied Microbidogy Edited by WAYNE W. UMBREIT Department of Bacteriology Rutgers, The State University New Brunswick, N e w Jersey VOLUME 6 @ 1964 ACADEMIC PRESS, New York and London COPYRIGHT @ 1984, BY ACADEMICPRESSINC ALL RIGHTS RESERVED NO PART OF THIS BOOK MAY BE REPRODUCED IN ANY F O R M BY PHOTOSTAT, MICROFILM, OR ANY OTHER MEANS, WITHOUT WRITTEN PERMISSION FROM THE PUBLISHERS ACADEMIC PRESS INC. 111 FIFTHAVENUE NEW YORK, NEW YORK 10003 United Kingdom Edition Published by ACADEMIC PRESS INC. (LONDON)LTD. BERKELEYSQUARE HOUSE,LONDONW. 1 Library of Congress Catalog Card Number 59-13823 PRINTED I N THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA CONTRIBUTORS Numbers in parentheses indicate the pages on which the authors’ contributions begin. AEUSP. BAYAN,Squibb Znstitute for Medical Research, New Brunswick, New Jersey (27) HENRYL. EHRLICH, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York (153) NANCYA. GIUFFRE,Squibb Znstitute for Medical Research, New Brunswick, New Jersey (27) HERBERT S. GOLDBERG, Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of hfissouri, Columbia, Missouri (91) CARL-GORAN HEDEN,Department of Bacteriology, Karolinska Znstitutet, Stockholm, Sweden ( 1 ) B. W. KOFT, Department of Bacteriology, Nelson Biological Laboratories, Rutgers, The State University, New Brunswick, New Jersey (227) P. MARGALITH,Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Food and Biotechnology, Technion-Zsrael Znstitute of Technology, Haifa, Israel (69) D. PERLMAN, Squibb Znstitute for Medical Research, New Brunswick, New Jersey (27) MELVINP. SILVERMAN, Pittsburgh Coal Research Center, U . S. Bureau of Mines, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (153) IRWINW. SIZER,Department of Biology, Massachusetts Znstitute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts ( 207) MORTIMERP. STARR,Department of Bacteriology, University of California, Davis, California ( l ) WAYNE W. UMBREIT,Deparfment of Bacteriology, Rutgers, The State University, New Brunswick, New Jersey (227) K. WUHRMANN, Znstitute of Water Supply, Sewage Purification and Water Pollution Control at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zurich, Switzerland ( 119) V This Page Intentionally Left Blank PREFACE The present volume, the sixth in this series, represents an expansion into areas of applied microbiology other than those solely related to the laboratory. The applied microbiologist has an impact upon and is responsive to changing conditions in the world. The “‘globalimpact of microbiology” is discussed as well as some opinions on what kind of training an applied microbiologist ought to have. The range of the other articles remains broad and considers the microbial action on minerals, the nonmedical uses of antibiotics, water pollution control, some aspects of industrial enzymes, the preparation of radioactive substances by microbial processes, and the influence of some factors, normally considered minor, upon fermentation processes. One difficulty for an Editor, but of course one advantage to the science, is that the area of knowledge covered by applied microbiology is so broad that it is most difficult to cover adequately. Various individuals working in it have quite different views of what ought to be considered in a publication such as “Advances.” Should you find that an area of particular interest to you is not being adequately covered, please let the Editor know and