Alexander Graham Bell: Making Connections

Alexander Graham Bell Making Connections Owen Gingerich General Editor Alexander Graham Bell Making Connections Naomi Pasachoff Oxford University Press New York • Oxford To my daughters, Eloise and Deborah, whose birth dates coincide with anniversaries of crucial events in the life of Alexander Graham Bell: Eloise ("Here's the thing: I'm always on the telephone"), February 27, 1975, a century after the formation of the Bell Patent Association; and Deborah, May 8, 1977, 99 years after the birth of Bell's older daughter, Elsie. Oxford University Press Oxford New York Athens Auckland Bangkok Bogota Bombay Buenos Aires Calcutta Cape Town Dar es Salaam Delhi Florence Hong Kong Istanbul Karachi Kuala Lumpur Madras Madrid Melbourne Mexico City Nairobi Pans Singapore Taipei Tokyo Toronto and associated companies in Berlin Ibadan Copyright © 1996 by Naomi Pasachoff Published by Oxford University Press, Inc., 198 Madison Avenue, New York, New York 10016 Oxford is a registered trademark of Oxford University Press All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior permission of Oxford University Press. Design: Design Oasis Layout: Loraine Machlin Picture research: Laura Kreiss Library of Congress Cataloging-m-Publication Data Pasachoff, Naomi E. Alexander Graham Bell / Naomi Pasachoff p. cm. — (Oxford Portraits in Science) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-19-509908-7 (library edition) 1. Bell, Alexander Graham, 1847-1822—Juvenile literature. 2. Inventors—United States—Biography—Ju