Minimally Invasive Musculoskeletal Pain Medicine (minimally Invasive Procedures In Orthopaedic Surgery)

Minimally Invasive Musculoskeletal Pain Medicine Minimally Invasive Procedures in Orthopedic Surgery Series Editors Alexander R. Vaccaro Rothman Institute and Thomas Jefferson University Hospital Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S.A. Christopher M. Bono Boston University Medical Center Boston, Massachusetts, U.S.A. 1. Minimally Invasive Shoulder and Elbow Surgery, edited by William N. Levine, Theodore A. Blaine, and Christopher S. Ahmad 2. Minimally Invasive Musculoskeletal Pain Medicine, edited by Mitchell K. Freedman, William B. Morrison, and Marc I. Harwood Minimally Invasive Musculoskeletal Pain Medicine Edited by Mitchell K. Freedman Thomas Jefferson University Hospital Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S.A. William B. Morrison Thomas Jefferson University Hospital Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S.A. Marc I. Harwood Thomas Jefferson University Hospital Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S.A. New York London Informa Healthcare USA, Inc. 270 Madison Avenue New York, NY 10016 © 2007 by Informa Healthcare USA, Inc. Informa Healthcare is an Informa business No claim to original U.S. Government works Printed in the United States of America on acid-free paper 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 International Standard Book Number-10: 0-8493-7256-9 (Hardcover) International Standard Book Number-13: 978-0-8493-7256-8 (Hardcover) This book contains information obtained from authentic and highly regarded sources. Reprinted material is quoted with permission, and sources are indicated. A wide variety of references are listed. Reasonable efforts have been made to publish reliable data and information, but the author and the publisher cannot assume responsibility for the validity of all materials or for the consequences of their use. No part of this book may be reprinted, reproduced, transmitted, or utilized in any form by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying, microfilming, and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without written permission from the publishers. For permission to photocopy or use material electronically from this work, please access www.copyright. com (http://www.copyright.com/) or contact the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc. (CCC) 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, 978-750-8400. CCC is a not-for-profit organization that provides licenses and registration for a variety of users. For organizations that have been granted a photocopy license by the CCC, a separate system of payment has been arranged. Trademark Notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe. Visit the Informa Web site at www.informa.com and the Informa Healthcare Web site at www.informahealthcare.com B Preface The subspecialty of pain management has advanced considerably over the last 20 years. Once considered the domain of anesthesiology, it has now become an integral part of many specialties. This is reflected in the opening of the subspecialty board in pain medicine to multiple disciplines. The “fourth vital sign” concept has advanced pain medicine one step further to the point that it is a basic p