Urban Development: The Logic Of Making Plans

About Island Press Island Press is the only nonprofit organization in the United States whose principal purpose is the publication of books on environmental issues and natural resource management. We provide solutions-oriented information to professionals, public officials, business and community leaders, and concerned citizens who are shaping responses to environmental problems. In 2001, Island Press celebrates its seventeenth anniversary as the leading provider of timely and practical books that take a multidisciplinary approach to critical environmental concerns. Our growing list of titles re fle c t s our commitment to bringing the best of an expanding body of literature to the environmental community throughout North America and the world. Support for Island Press is provided by The Bullitt Foundation, The Mary Flagler Cary Charitable Trust, The Nathan Cummings Foundation, Geraldine R. Dodge Foundation, Doris Duke Charitable Foundation, The Charles Engelhard Foundation, The Ford Foundation, The George Gund Foundation, The Vira I. Heinz Endowment, The William and Flora Hewlett Foundation, W. Alton Jones Foundation, The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation, The Andrew W. Mellon Foundation, The Charles Stewart Mott Foundation, The Curtis and Edith Munson Foundation, National Fish and Wildlife Foundation, The New-Land Foundation, Oak Foundation, The Overbrook Foundation, The David and Lucile Packard Foundation, The Pew Charitable Trusts, Rockefeller Brothers Fund, The Winslow Foundation, and other generous donors. Urban Development: The Logic of Making Plans Urban Development: The Logic of Making Plans Lewis D. Hopkins wa s h i n g t o n c o v e l o l o n d o n Copyright © 2001 Lewis D. Hopkins All rights reserved under International and Pan-American Copyright Conventions. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form or by any means without permission in writing from the publisher: Island Press, Suite 300, 1718 Connecticut Ave., NW, Washington, DC 20009 ISLAND PRESS is a trademark of the Center for Resource Economics. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Hopkins, Lewis D. Urban development : the logic of making plans / Lewis D. Hopkins. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 1-55963-852-4 (cloth : alk. paper) — ISBN 1-55963-853-2 (paper : alk. paper) 1. City planning. 2. City planning—Evaluation. 3. Social choice. I. Title. HT166 .H663 2001 307.1’216—dc21 2001002229 British Library Cataloguing in Publication data available. Printed on recycled, acid-free paper Manufactured in the United States of America 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 To my parents, their vision of what the world could be, their precision in acting to achieve it, and their commitment to community. Contents List of Figures x List of Tables xi List of Games xii Preface xiii 1 Plans for Urban Development: Why and How? 1 2 Plan-Based Action in Natural Systems 16 3 How Plans Work 33 4 Strategy, Uncertainty, and Forecasts 57 5 Plans by and for Voluntary Groups and Governments 81 6 Rights, Regulations, and Plans 7 Capabilities to Make Plans 141 8 Collective Choice, Participation, and Plans 170 9 How Plans Are Made 187 10 How to Use and Make Plans Notes 106 217 255 References 265 About the Author 281 Index 283 ix List of Figures Figure 4-1 Figure 4-2 Figure 4-3 Figure 4-4 Figure 5-1 Figure 9-1 Figure 10-1 Figure 10-2 Figure 10-3 Figure 10-4 Figure 10-5 x Decision about infrastructure independently Decisions about infrastructure and housing considered together Decisions about infrastructure and