Regional Climate Studies Series Editors: H.-J. Bolle, M. Menenti, I. Rasool
Congbin Fu · Zhihong Jiang · Zhaoyong Guan · Jinhai He · Zhongfeng Xu (Eds.)
Regional Climate Studies of China With 164 Figures and 42 Tables
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Editors
Prof. Congbin Fu
Prof. Jinhai He
RCE-TEA Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences 100029 Beijing P. R. China
[email protected]
Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology 114 Pangcheng New Street, Pukou District 210044 Nanjing P. R. China
[email protected]
Prof. Zhihong Jiang
Dr. Zhongfeng Xu
Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology 114 Pangcheng New Street, Pukou District 210044 Nanjing P. R. China
[email protected]
RCE-TEA Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences 100029 Beijing P. R. China
[email protected]
Prof. Zhaoyong Guan Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology 114 Pangcheng New Street, Pukou District 210044 Nanjing P. R. China
[email protected]
ISBN 978-3-540-79241-3
e-ISBN 978-3-540-79242-0
Regional Climate Studies of China ISSN: pending Library of Congress Control Number: 2008931311 c 2008 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilm or in any other way, and storage in data banks. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the German Copyright Law of September 9, 1965, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer. Violations are liable to prosecution under the German Copyright Law. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. Cover design: deblik, Berlin Printed on acid-free paper 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 springer.com
Preface
China, located in East Asia, is characterized by monsoon climate, an unique climate type among various climate classification of the world. There has been long history of regional climate study in China, beginning from late 1890s, represented by a number of scientists, such as Zhu, K. Z., Tu, C. W., Zhu, B. H., Yao, Z. S. and Zhang, B. K., etc. The introduction of modern atmospheric dynamics, synoptic meteorology and numerical modeling into th