Auguste Comte: An Intellectual Biography

This page intentionally left blank This volume begins to explore the life and works of Auguste Comte during his so-called second career, the controversial period that began in 1842 and lasted until his death. This volume covers the years from 1842 to 1852, when Comte transformed his positive philosophy into a political and religious movement. It represents the first in-depth study of that movement. Focusing on key books, such as the Discours sur l’ensemble du positivisme, Mary Pickering connects Comte’s intellectual development to the tumultuous historical context and to episodes in his personal life, especially his famous relationship with Clotilde de Vaux. The book examines for the first time why workers, doctors, women, and famous writers, such as John Stuart Mill, George Henry Lewes, and Emile Littr´e, were drawn to his thought. Mary Pickering is Professor of History at San Jos´e State University. The author of Auguste Comte: An Intellectual Biography, Volumes I, II, and III, she has published in Journal of the History of Ideas, Journal of Women’s History, Historical Reflections, Revue philosophique, and Revue internationale de philosophie. Auguste Comte AUGUSTE COM TE An Intellectual Biography, Volume II mary pickering San Jos´e State University CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS Cambridge, New York, Melbourne, Madrid, Cape Town, Singapore, São Paulo, Delhi, Dubai, Tokyo Cambridge University Press The Edinburgh Building, Cambridge CB2 8RU, UK Published in the United States of America by Cambridge University Press, New York www.cambridge.org Information on this title: www.cambridge.org/9780521513258 © Mary Pickering 2009 This publication is in copyright. Subject to statutory exception and to the provision of relevant collective licensing agreements, no reproduction of any part may take place without the written permission of Cambridge University Press. First published in print format 2009 ISBN-13 978-0-511-59491-5 eBook (EBL) ISBN-13 978-0-521-51325-8 Hardback Cambridge University Press has no responsibility for the persistence or accuracy of urls for external or third-party internet websites referred to in this publication, and does not guarantee that any content on such websites is, or will remain, accurate or appropriate. Information regarding prices, travel timetables, and other factual information given in this work are correct at the time of first printing, but Cambridge University Press does not guarantee the accuracy of such information thereafter. To Hank Contents Acknowledgments Abbreviations and Notes page xi xiii Introduction 1 1843–1844: The Battle against the Pedantocracy 2 Tensions in Comte’s Relationships, 1842–1846 3 Clotilde de Vaux and the Initial Encounter with Comte 4 The Muse’s Tragic End 5 Pain and Recognition 6 The Revolution of 1848 7 Discours sur l’ensemble du positivisme 8 Personal and Professional Disappointments 9 The Early Development of