Mediating The Divine

Mediating the Divine Studies on the Texts of the Desert of Judah Edited by Florentino García Martínez Associate editors Peter W. Flint Eibert J.C. Tigchelaar VOLUME 68 Mediating the Divine Prophecy and Revelation in the Dead Sea Scrolls and Second Temple Judaism By Alex P. Jassen LEIDEN • BOSTON 2007 This book is printed on acid-free paper. A C.I.P. record for this book is available from the Library of Congress. ISSN: ISBN: 0169-9962 978 90 04 15842 9 Copyright 2007 by Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, The Netherlands. Koninklijke Brill NV incorporates the imprints Brill, Hotei Publishing, IDC Publishers, Martinus Nijhoff Publishers and VSP. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, translated, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior written permission from the publisher. Authorization to photocopy items for internal or personal use is granted by Koninklijke Brill NV provided that the appropriate fees are paid directly to The Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Suite 910, Danvers, MA 01923, USA. Fees are subject to change. printed in the netherlands For Leslie ïäìåë ïî àìòì àäøôù àéìòå äøôù øôåù ïéùð ìåë ìòå àäîò àéâù àîëç ïã àøôù ìåë íòå ààé àäéãéìãå Over all women is her beauty supreme, her loveliness far above them all. Yet with all this comeliness, she possesses great wisdom, and all that she has is beautiful. (Genesis Apocryphon 20:6–8) TABLE OF CONTENTS Preface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Abbreviations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ix xi Chapter One. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 part one prophetic traditions in the dead sea scrolls Chapter Two. N¯abî’, Pesher, and Predictive Prophecy in the Dead Sea Scrolls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 Chapter Three. Prophets and Progressive Revelation: The Presentation of the Prophets as Lawgivers in the Dead Sea Scrolls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 Chapter Four. Biblical Prophetic Epithets in Transition I: Prophetic ‘Visionaries’ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 Chapter Five. Biblical Prophetic Epithets in Transition II: Prophetic ‘Anointed Ones’ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85 Chapter Six. The ‘Man of God’ and Prophetic ‘Servants’ from the Bible to Qumran . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105 Chapter Seven. The Prophet at the End of Days: The Development of a Tradition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133 Chapter Eight. The Juridical Eschatological Prophet in the Dead Sea Scrolls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157 Chapter Nine. The Eschatological Prophet of Consolation in the Dead Sea Scrolls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .