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This timely book addresses the political economy of climate change. The author questions the disconnect between the current nation-state based negotiation framework and the forces in the global economy that: are driven by neo-liberal policies, organized around transnational corporations or international production networks and, refute effective climate change policy. With the emergence on the world economic and carbon scene of China and India and several other developing economies, the debate on "who is to blame, and who is to pay" can no longer be ignored. Carefully researched and sourced from original work and case studies, The Corporate Greenhouse argues that failing to account in climate change treaties for the activities of transnational corporations will hinder solutions to global climate change.
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The corporate greenhouse
The corporate greenhouse C l i m at e C h a n g e P o l i c y i n a G l o b a l i z i n g W o r l d
yda schreude r
zed books London & New York
The Corporate Greenhouse: Climate Change Policy in a Globalizing World was first published in 2009 by Zed Books Ltd, 7 Cynthia Street, London n1 9jf, uk and Room 400, 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, ny 10010, usa www.zedbooks.co.uk Copyright © Yda Schreuder 2009 The right of Yda Schreuder to be identified as the author of this work has been asserted by her in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act, 1988 Designed and typeset in Monotype Garamond by illuminati, www.illuminatibooks.co.uk Cover designed by Rogue Four Design Printed and bound in Great Britain by CPI Antony Rowe, Chippenham and Eastbourne Distributed in the USA exclusively by Palgrave Macmillan, a division of St Martin’s Press, llc, 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, ny 10010, usa All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying or otherwise, without the prior permission of Zed Books Ltd. A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data available isbn 978 1 84277 957 5 Hb isbn 978 1 84277 958 3 Pb
Cert no. SGS-COC-2953
Contents
Acknowledgements
vii
Introduction
1
1 Climate-change policy in a globalizing world
8
2 From Rio to Kyoto and beyond
3 Trade liberalization, economic development and the environment
33 69
4 The transnational corporation and the global economy 100
5 The EU Emissions Trading Scheme in the corporate greenhouse
6 The Clean Development Mechanism in the corporate greenhouse
122 163
7 Towards a more equitable and sustainable climate-change regime
194
Notes
219
Index
249
Figures, tables and boxes
The Kyoto Protocol Carbon emissions in China, India, Europe, Japan and the United States figure 1.1 The global economy and climate-change policy box 1.2 Whose emissions are they anyway? The case of BP box 2.1 The Rio Declaration box 2.2 The New International Economic Order box 2.3 Agreements reached at COP6-bis, Bonn box 2.4 The main decisions made at COP7, Marrakesh box 2.5 Johannesburg Declaration on Sustainable Development figure 2.1 CO2 from fossil fuels under the CEEP scenario box 3.1 Policy recommendations of the Washington Consensus box 3.2 WTO framework for trade policies figure 3.1 Environmental Kuznets curve figure 3.2 Income effects on CO2 emissions, USA box 4.1 Transnational corporations as global economic actors box 4.2 Summary on intra-firm trade and transfer pricing table 4.1a Changes in world steel production table 4.1b