West's Encyclopedia Of American Law - Mc-pl

2 ND EDITION k ❚ 3❚ How to Use This Book ❚ 2❚ ❚ 1 ❚ Article Title ❚ 2 ❚ Definition in italics with Latin translation provided ❚ 3 ❚ First-level subhead ❚ 1❚ ❚ 4 ❚ Timeline for subject of biography, including general historical events and life events ❚ 4❚ ❚ 5 ❚ Sidebar expands upon an issue addressed briefly in the article ❚ 6 ❚ Quotation from subject of biography ❚ 7 ❚ Biography of contributor to American law ❚ 8 ❚ Internal cross-reference to entry within WEAL ❚ 9 ❚ In Focus article examines a controversial or complex aspect of the article topic ❚10 ❚ Cross-references at end of article ❚11❚ Full cite for case ❚ 5❚ ❚ 6❚ ❚ 7❚ ❚ 8❚ ❚ 9❚ ❚10 ❚ ❚11❚ 2 ND EDITION Volume 7
Mc to Pl Detroit • San Diego • San Francisco • New Haven, Conn. • Waterville, Maine • London • Munich West’s Encyclopedia of American Law, 2nd Edition Project Editors Jeffrey Lehman Shirelle Phelps Editorial Support Services Ryan Cartmill, Mark Hefner, Sue Petrus Editorial Andrew C. Claps, Pamela A. Dear, Jason M. Everett, Lynn U. Koch, John F. McCoy, Jeffrey Wilson, Jennifer M. York, Ralph Zerbonia Research Barbara McNeil © 2005 Thomson Gale, a part of The Thomson Corporation. Thomson and Star Logo are trademarks and Gale is a registered trademark used herein under license. For more information, contact The Gale Group, Inc. 27500 Drake Rd. Farmington Hills, MI 48331-3535 Or you can visit our Internet site at http://www.gale.com ALL RIGHTS RESERVED No part of this work covered by the copyright hereon may be reproduced or used in any form or by any means—graphic, electronic, or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, taping, Web distribution, or information storage retrieval systems— without the written permission of the publisher. Data Capture Katrina Coach, Nikita Greene, Beverly Jendrowski, Elizabeth Pilette, Beth Richardson Imaging and Multimedia Dean Dauphinais, Leitha Etheridge-Sims, Mary Grimes, Lezlie Light, Dan Newell, David G. Oblender, Chris O’Bryan Product Design Cynthia Baldwin, Kate Scheible Indexing Services Lynne Maday Composition and Electronic Capture Evi Seoud, Mary Beth Trimper Permissions Margaret A. Chamberlain Manufacturing Rhonda Williams This publication is a creative work fully protected by all applicable copyright laws, as well as by misappropriation, trade secret, unfair condition, and other applicable laws. The authors and editors of this work have added value to the underlying factual material herein through one or more of the following: coordination, expression, arrangement, and classification of the information. Inside cover photograph reproduced by permission of the Library of Congress (Thurgood Marshall). For permission to use material from this product, submit your request via Web at http://www.gale-edit.com/permission or you may download our Permissions Request form and submit your request by fax of mail to: Permissions Department The Gale Group, Inc. 27500 Drake Rd. Farmington Hills, MI 48331-3535 Permissions Hotline: 248-699-8006 or 800-877-4253, ext. 8006 Fax: 248-699-8074 or 800-762-4058 Since this page cannot legibly accommodate all copyright notices, the acknowledgments constitute an extension of the copyright notice. While every effort has been made to ensure the reliability of the information presented in this publication, The Gale Group, Inc. does not guarantee the accuracy of the data contained herein. The Gale Group, Inc. accepts no payment for listing; and inclusion in the publication of any organization, agency, institution, publication service, or individual does not imply endorsement of the editors or publisher. Errors brought to the