Toc: Cover
......Page 1 Title Page
......Page 2 Copyright Page
......Page 3 Brief Contents
......Page 6 Contents
......Page 8 From the Authors
......Page 14 From the Publisher
......Page 18 About the Authors
......Page 20 Authors' Acknowledgements......Page 21 1 What Is Psychology?......Page 22 Psychology, Pseudoscience, and Popular Opinion......Page 23 What Psychology Is......Page 24 What Psychology Is Not......Page 25 What Is Critical Thinking?......Page 27 Guidelines for Critical Thinking......Page 28 Thinking Critically and Creatively About Psychological Issues......Page 32 The Forerunners of Modern Psychology......Page 35 The Birth of Modern Psychology......Page 36 Three Early Psychologies......Page 37 The Major Perspectives in Psychology......Page 39 Feminist Psychology......Page 41 Psychological Research......Page 43 Psychological Practice......Page 44 Psychology in the Community......Page 46 BIOLOGY, CULTURE, and Psychology......Page 47 Taking Psychology with You: The Nine Secrets of Learning......Page 48 Shared Writing Prompt......Page 50 2 How Psychologists Do Research......Page 55 Precision and Reliance on Empirical Evidence......Page 57 Skepticism......Page 58 Openness......Page 59 Research Participants......Page 61 Case Studies......Page 63 Observational Studies......Page 64 Tests......Page 65 Surveys......Page 67 Measuring Correlations......Page 69 Cautions about Correlations......Page 70 Experimental Variables......Page 72 Experimental and Control Conditions......Page 74 Experimenter Effects......Page 75 CULTURE and Research......Page 76 Descriptive Statistics: Finding Out What’s So......Page 77 Inferential Statistics: Asking “So What?”......Page 78 Interpreting the Findings......Page 79 The Ethics of Studying Human Beings......Page 83 The Ethics of Studying Animals......Page 84 Taking Psychology with You: Lying with Statistics......Page 86 Shared Writing Prompt......Page 87 3 Genes, Evolution, and Environment......Page 92 The Human Genome......Page 94 Epigenetics......Page 96 Evolution and Natural Selection......Page 98 Innate Human Characteristics......Page 101 Evolution and Sexual Strategies......Page 103 The “Genetic Leash”......Page 104 The Meaning of Heritability......Page 107 Computing Heritability......Page 109 Genes and Individual Differences......Page 111 The Question of Group Differences......Page 112 The Environment and Intelligence......Page 114 Beyond Nature versus Nurture......Page 115 Taking Psychology with You: Should You Have Genetic Testing?......Page 117 Shared Writing Prompt......Page 118 4 The Brain and Nervous System......Page 122 The Nervous System: A Basic Blueprint......Page 124 The Peripheral Nervous System......Page 125 The Structure of the Neuron......Page 128 Neurogenesis: The Birth of Neurons......Page 129 How Neurons Communicate......Page 131 Chemical Messengers in the Nervous System......Page 132 Mapping the Bra