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The eleventh volume in this ground-breaking series pays special attention to politically engaged poetry, written during a turbulent period which saw the Constitutional Revolution in Iran as well as the rise to power of Reza Shah and his attempts to implement reform. Throughout this time, poets began to turn their attention towards the country's ordinary people, rather than concentrate on its elites. This volume also examines the prose fiction of the period, which saw the rise of the novel and short story. Additionally, Persian satire began to grow in importance, especially with the increased popularity of poets and novelists such as Iraj Mirza and Sadeq Hedayat. This wide-ranging volume is an invaluable companion for anyone who wants to understand how the Persian literary scene changed at the beginning of the twentieth century, reflecting the social and political contexts in which this literature was created
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A History of Persian Literature Volume XI
Volumes of A History of Persian Literature
I General Introduction to Persian Literature II Persian Poetry in the Classical Era, 800–1500
III Persian Poetry in the Classical Era, 800–1500
IV Heroic Epic
Panegyrics (qaside), Short Lyrics (ghazal); Quatrains (robâ’i) Narrative Poems in Couplet Form (mathnavis); Strophic Poems; Occasional Poems (qat’e); Satirical and Invective Poetry; shahrâshub The Shahnameh and its Legacy
V Persian Prose VI Religious and Mystical Literature VII Persian Poetry, 1500–1900
From the Safavids to the Dawn of the Constitutional Movement
VIII Persian Poetry from Outside Iran
The Indian Subcontinent, Anatolia, Central Asia after Timur
IX Persian Prose from Outside Iran
X Persian Historiography XI Literature of the Early Twentieth Century
The Indian Subcontinent, Anatolia, Central Asia after Timur From the Constitutional Period to Reza Shah
XII Modern Persian Poetry, 1940 to the Present Iran, Afghanistan, Tajikistan
XIII Modern Fiction and Drama XIV Biographies of the Poets and Writers of the Classical Period XV Biographies of the Poets and Writers of the Modern Period; Literary Terms XVI General Index Companion Volumes to A History of Persian Literature: XVII Companion Volume I: The Literature of Pre-Islamic Iran X VIII Companion Volume II: Oral Literature of Iranian Languages Kurdish, Pashto, Balochi, Ossetic, Persian and Tajik
Anthologies: XIX Anthology I: A Selection of Persian Poems in English Translation XX Anthology II: A Selection of Persian Prose in English Translation
A HISTORY OF PERSIAN LITERATURE General Editor—Ehsan Yarshater
Volume XI
Literature of the Early Twentieth Century
From the Constitutional Period to Reza Shah Edited by Ali-Asghar Seyed-Gohrab
Sponsored by Persian Heritage Foundation (New York) & Center for Iranian Studies, Columbia University
Published in 2015 by I. B. Tauris & Co Ltd London • New York www.ibtauris.com Distributed in the United States and Canada Exclusively by Palgrave Macmillan, 175 Fifth Avenue, New York NY 10010 Copyright © 2015 The Persian Heritage Foundation The right of The Persian Heritage Foundation to be identified as the originators of this work has been asserted by The Persian Heritage Foundation in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. All rights reserved. Except for brief quotations in a review, this book, or any part thereof, may not be reproduced, stored in or introduced into a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher. A History of Persian Literature: XI
ISBN: 978 1 84511 912 6 eISBN: 978