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Political psychology applies what is known about human psychology to the study of politics. It examines how people reach political decisions on topics such as voting, party identification, and political attitudes as well as how leaders mediate political conflicts and make foreign policy decisions.<em>The Oxford Handbook of Political Psychologygathers together a distinguished group of scholars from around the world to shed light on these vital questions. Focusing first on political psychology at the individual level (attitudes, values, decision-making, ideology, personality) and then moving to the collective (group identity, mass mobilization, political violence), this fully interdisciplinary volume covers models of the mass public and political elites and addresses both domestic issues and foreign policy. Now with new material providing an up-to-date account of cutting-edge research within both psychology and political science, this is an essential reference for scholars and students interested in the intersection of the two fields.
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t h e ox f o r d h a n d b o o k o f
P OL I T IC A L P SYC HOL O G Y
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the oxford handbook of
POLITICAL PSYCHOLOGY SECOND EDITION Edited by
LEONIE HUDDY, DAVID O. SEARS and
JACK S. LEVY
1
1 Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. It furthers the University’s objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide. Oxford New York Auckland Cape Town Dar es Salaam Hong Kong Karachi Kuala Lumpur Madrid Melbourne Mexico City Nairobi New Delhi Shanghai Taipei Toronto With offices in Argentina Austria Brazil Chile Czech Republic France Greece Guatemala Hungary Italy Japan Poland Portugal Singapore South Korea Switzerland Thailand Turkey Ukraine Vietnam Oxford is a registered trademark of Oxford University Press in the UK and certain other countries. Published in the United States of America by Oxford University Press 198 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10016
© Oxford University Press 2013 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the prior permission in writing of Oxford University Press, or as expressly permitted by law, by license, or under terms agreed with the appropriate reproduction rights organization. Inquiries concerning reproduction outside the scope of the above should be sent to the Rights Department, Oxford University Press, at the address above. You must not circulate this work in any other form and you must impose this same condition on any acquirer. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data The Oxford handbook of political psychology/[edited by] Leonie Huddy, David O. Sears, and Jack S. Levy. — Second edition. pages; cm ISBN 978–0–19–976010–7 (pbk.: alk. paper) 1. Political psychology. I. Huddy, Leonie. JA74.5.O94 2013 320.01’9—dc23 2013003195
1 3 5 7 9 8 6 4 2 Printed in the United States of America on acid-free paper
Contents
About the Contributors 1. Introduction: Theoretical Foundations of Political Psychology Leonie Huddy, David O. Sears, and Jack S. Levy
ix
1
PA RT I T H E OR E T IC A L A P P ROAC H E S 2. Personality Approaches to Political Behavior Gian Vittorio Caprara and Michele Vecchione
23
3. Childhood and Adult Political Development David O. Sears and Christia Brown
59
4. Degrees of Rationality in Politics Dennis Chong
96
5. Behavioral Decision-Making David P. Redlawsk and Richard R. Lau
130
6. Emotion and Political Psychology Ted Brader and George E. Marcus
165
7. Toward an Evolutionarily Informed Politica