Photoactive Functional Soft Materials: Preparation, Properties, And Applications

Photoactive Functional Soft Materials ­Photoactive Functional Soft Materials Preparation, Properties, and Applications Edited by Quan Li Editor Quan Li Kent State University Liquid Crystal Institute and Chemical Physics Interdisciplinary Program 1425 Lefton Esplanade OH 44242 United States Cover © zhou shu/Getty Images All books published by Wiley‐VCH are carefully produced. Nevertheless, authors, editors, and publisher do not warrant the information contained in these books, including this book, to be free of errors. Readers are advised to keep in mind that statements, data, illustrations, procedural details or other items may inadvertently be inaccurate. Library of Congress Card No.: applied for British Library Cataloguing‐in‐Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. Bibliographic information published by the Deutsche Nationalbibliothek The Deutsche Nationalbibliothek lists this publication in the Deutsche Nationalbibliografie; detailed bibliographic data are available on the Internet at . © 2019 Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Boschstr. 12, 69469 Weinheim, Germany All rights reserved (including those of translation into other languages). No part of this book may be reproduced in any form – by photoprinting, microfilm, or any other means – nor transmitted or translated into a machine language without written permission from the publishers. Registered names, trademarks, etc. used in this book, even when not specifically marked as such, are not to be considered unprotected by law. Print ISBN: 978‐3‐527‐34482‐6 ePDF ISBN: 978‐3‐527‐81674‐3 ePub ISBN: 978‐3‐527‐81676‐7 oBook ISBN: 978‐3‐527‐81677‐4 Typesetting  SPi Global, Chennai, India Printing and Binding Printed on acid‐free paper 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 v Contents Preface  xi 1 Soft Materials Driven by Photothermal Effect and Their Applications  1 Hari K. Bisoyi, Augustine M. Urbas, and Quan Li 1.1 Introduction  1 1.2 Liquid Crystals Driven by Photothermal Effect  3 1.3 Polymers Driven by Photothermal Effect  16 1.4 Gels Driven by Photothermal Effect  23 1.5 Summary and Outlook  31 Acknowledgments  32 References  32 2 Photoresponsive Supramolecular Polymers  45 Yuichi Kitamoto, Keisuke Aratsu, and Shiki Yagai 2.1 Introduction  45 2.2 Photoresponsive Supramolecular Polymers by Host–Guest and Coordination Systems  46 2.3 Photoresponsive Supramolecular Polymers by Complementary Hydrogen Bonds  52 2.4 Photoresponsive Supramolecular Polymers by Stacking of Photochromic Molecules  61 2.5 Photoresponsive Supramolecular Polymers with Photocontrollable 1D Topology  76 2.6 Summary and Outlook  83 References  84 3 Light‐Driven Self‐Organized Liquid Crystalline Nanostructures Enabled by Chiral Molecular Switches or Motors: From 1D to 3D Photonic Crystals  91 Ling Wang and Quan Li 3.1 Introduction  91 3.2 Light‐Driven Cholesteric Liquid Crystals  93 3.2.1 Cholesteric LCs with Chiral Azobenzene Photoswitches  93 vi Contents 3.2.2 3.2.3 Cholesteric LCs with Chiral Diarylethene Photoswitches  100 Cholesteric LCs with Chiral Spirooxazine and Overcrowded Alkenes  104 3.3 Light‐Driven Blue Phase Liquid Crystals  106 3.4 Light‐Driven Chiral Liquid Crystal Microdroplets and Microshells  109 3.5 Summary and Perspective  114 Acknowledgments  115 References  116 4 Photochemical Chirality Induction and Inversion in Soft Materials  125 Yuna Kim, Noushaba N. Mafy, and Nobuyuki Tamaoki 4.1 Introduction  125 4.2 Chirality Induction from Achiral Soft Materials by CPL  126 4.2.1 Achiral LMW Liquid Crystals  128 4.2.2 Achiral Polymers  132 4.2.3 Self‐Assembled Supramolecules  137 4.3 Photochemical Chirality Inversion from Chiral Soft Materials  139 4.3.1 Photoresponsive Chiral Dopants for