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In Pesher and Hypomnema Pieter B. Hartog compares ancient Jewish commentaries on the Hebrew Bible with papyrus commentaries on the Iliad. Hartog shows that members of the movement which produced and preserved the Dead Sea Scrolls adopted classical commentary writing and adapted it to their own needs. The connection between the Qumran Pesharim and Hypomnemata on the Iliad resulted from exchanges of scholarly knowledge across Hellenistic-Roman Egypt and Palestine. Analysing the effects of these knowledge exchanges, Pesher and Hypomnema demonstrates that members of the Qumran movement were thoroughly embedded within their Hellenistic and Roman environment.
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Pesher and Hypomnema
Studies on the Texts of the Desert of Judah Edited by George J. Brooke Associate Editors Eibert J.C. Tigchelaar Jonathan Ben-Dov Alison Schofield
VOLUME 121
The titles published in this series are listed at brill.com/stdj
Pesher and Hypomnema A Comparison of Two Commentary Traditions from the Hellenistic-Roman Period
By
Pieter B. Hartog
LEIDEN | BOSTON
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: Hartog, Pieter B, author. Title: Pesher and hypomnema : a comparison of two commentary traditions from the Hellenistic-Roman period / by Pieter B. Hartog. Description: Leiden ; Boston : Brill, [2017] | Series: Studies on the texts of the Desert of Judah ; volume 121 | Includes bibliographical references and index. Identifiers: LCCN 2017034638 (print) | LCCN 2017035373 (ebook) | ISBN 9789004354203 (E-book) | ISBN 9789004353541 (hardback : alk. paper) Subjects: LCSH: Dead Sea scrolls—History and criticism. | Bible. Old Testament—Criticism, interpretation, etc., Jewish | Homer. Iliad. Classification: LCC BM487 (ebook) | LCC BM487 .H32 2017 (print) | DDC 296.1/55—dc23 LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2017034638
Typeface for the Latin, Greek, and Cyrillic scripts: “Brill”. See and download: brill.com/brill-typeface. issn 0169-9962 isbn 978-90-04-35354-1 (hardback) isbn 978-90-04-35420-3 (e-book) Copyright 2017 by Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, The Netherlands. Koninklijke Brill NV incorporates the imprints Brill, Brill Hes & De Graaf, Brill Nijhoff, Brill Rodopi and Hotei Publishing. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, translated, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior written permission from the publisher. Authorization to photocopy items for internal or personal use is granted by Koninklijke Brill NV provided that the appropriate fees are paid directly to The Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Suite 910, Danvers, MA 01923, USA. Fees are subject to change. This book is printed on acid-free paper and produced in a sustainable manner.
Contents Acknowledgements ix Abbreviations x 1 Introduction 1 1 Pesher in Context 6 1.1 Jewish Parallels 6 1.2 Ancient Near Eastern Parallels 11 1.3 Greek Parallels 14 2 A Glocal Perspective 16 2.1 Channels of Knowledge Exchange 21 2.2 The Pesharim as Glocal Phenomena 26 3 Definitions 28 3.1 “Commentary” 28 3.2 “Hypomnema” 30 3.3 “Pesher” 34 4 Outline of This Book 39 2 The Hypomnemata and the Pesharim as Expressions of Intellectual Culture 41 1 Scribes and Scholars 43 2 The Hypomnemata and Intellectual Life in Hellenistic-Roman Egypt 51 3 The Pesharim and Intellectual Life in Hellenistic-Roman Palestine 55 4 Commentaries as Scholarly Literature 59 5 Conclusion 62 3 Textual Scholarship and the Physicality of the Hypomnemata 64 1 “Ammonius, son of Ammonius” 64 2 Dimensions 68 3 Corrections and Abbreviations 70 4 Signs 71 5 Sense Dividers 77 5.1 Types of Sense Dividers 77 5.2 Different Sense Dividers in One Manuscript 79 6 Conclusion 81
vi 4 Textual Scho