Reality and Perspectives of Tourism Development in Kazakhstan: Sociological Analysis. Mamanova Khalida Medetovna, Sadyrova Mansiya Sapargaliyevna
Abstract— The article about the features of formation and development of tourism in Kazakhstan - as a one of the most promising economic modernization sector of Kazakhstan's society.
Keywords— Tourism, outbound tourism, inbound tourism, domestic tourism, tourism industry in Kazakhstan. I. INTRODUCTION
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HE tourism industry in Kazakhstan is considered as one of the most promising sectors of the economy, the successful development of which will contribute to its competitiveness and get rid of the dependence on natural resources. Over the past five years as part of the tourism development program, a budget of 50 billion tenge (more than U.S. $330 million) was allocated. The bulk of these funds were directed to the development of tourism infrastructure, a mechanism of state regulation and support of tourism, and the formation of an attractive tourist image of Kazakhstan within the country and abroad. The legal basis for tourism in Kazakhstan was defined through the "On the tourist activity in the Republic of Kazakhstan", "The concept of the development of tourism in the Republic of Kazakhstan", "State program of development of tourism in the Republic of Kazakhstan for 2007-2011", "The State Program on Forced Industrial-Innovative Development of Kazakhstan for 2010-2014" laws. The concepts of the industrial-innovative development and state program FIID, tourism was highlighted as a separate area in the 3 main blocks of economic development - "The development of new labor-intensive industries". The tourist industry in Kazakhstan along with financial instruments is also stimulated by legislative action. One popular step in this direction is the deregulation of licensing travel agencies, which began in January 2012 [1]. According to the participants of the tourist market, the liberalization of legislation substantially increases market access and reduce administrative barriers for new players. Although it is believed Mamanova Khalida Medetovna. Author is the PhD student of Kazakh National Teacher’s Training University by Abay, Almaty, ZIP 050000, Republic of Kazakhstan (phone: 0077025260026; e-mail:
[email protected]). Sadyrova Mansiya Sapargaliyevna. Author is the dr., professor of sociology at Kazakh National University by Al Faraby, Almaty, ZIP 050000 Republic of Kazakhstan (e-mail:
[email protected]).
that the reduction of state control in the sector could lead to an increase in unscrupulous market participants. However, despite all the efforts of the authorities, the pace of development of the tourist industry in the country remains poor. According to statistics, the share of tourism in the formation of the national income is only 1% [2]. According to the World Economic Forum "Travel and Tourism: Competitiveness 2011" Kazakhstan is in the 93rd position out of 139 countries [8]. It is also significant that, according to the annual ranking of the World Tourism Organization, Kazakhstan was not included in the list of top ten countries of the World Tourism rankings [7]. II. DEVELOPMENT TENDENCIES OF TOURISM SECTOR IN KAZAKHSTAN
Kazakhstan is steadily growing outbound tourism. According to the Statistics