Cellular Automata: A Discrete View Of The World [DJVU]


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  • Year: 2,008

  • Pages: 274

  • Pages In File: 274

  • Language: English

  • Topic: 178

  • Identifier: 978-0-470-16879-0

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  • Extension: djvu

  • Toc: Title page......Page 1 Preface......Page 9 1.1 Self-Replicating Machines......Page 15 1.2 Grand Turing Machines......Page 18 1.3 Register Machines......Page 23 1.4 Logic Gates......Page 25 1.5 Dimension......Page 26 1.5.1 Kolmogorov Dimension......Page 32 1.6 Information and Entropy......Page 34 1.7 Randomness......Page 37 2 Dynamical Systems......Page 39 3.1 The Cellular Automaton......Page 53 3.2 Transition Functions......Page 57 3.3 Totalistic Rules......Page 60 3.4 Boundary Conditions......Page 61 3.5 Some Elementary Cellular Automata......Page 63 3.6 Additivity......Page 73 3.7 Reversibility......Page 74 3.8 Classification of Cellular Automata......Page 84 3.8.1 Langton's Parameter......Page 88 3.9 Universal Computation......Page 95 3.10 Density Problem......Page 97 3.11 Synchronization......Page 100 4 Two-Dimensional Automata......Page 103 4.1 The Game of Life......Page 107 4.1.1 Lifeforms......Page 109 4.1.3 Oscillators......Page 111 4.1.4 Gliders......Page 112 4.1.5 Methuselah Configurations......Page 115 4.1.6 Garden of Eden......Page 116 4.1.7 Universal Computation in Life......Page 121 4.2 Other Automata......Page 124 4.2.1 Partitioning Cellular Automata......Page 129 4.3 Replication......Page 130 4.4 Asynchronous Updating......Page 132 5 Applications......Page 137 5.1.1 Neural Activity......Page 139 5.1.2 Cyclic Space......Page 142 5.1.3 The Hodgepodge Machine......Page 144 5.2 Schelling Segregation Model......Page 146 5.3 Prisoner's Dilemma......Page 148 5.4 Biological Models and Artificial Life......Page 153 5.4.1 Genetic Algorithms......Page 154 5.4.2 Predator-Prey......Page 167 5.4.3 Bacterial Growth......Page 170 5.4.4 Seashell Patterns......Page 172 5.5.1 Diffusion......Page 177 5.5.2 Snow Crystals......Page 179 5.5.3 Sandpile Model......Page 185 5.5.4 Lattice Gases......Page 187 5.5.5 Ising Spin......Page 191 5.5.6 Steady-State Heat Flow......Page 198 5.5.7 The Digital Universe of Konrad Zuse and Edward Fredkin......Page 203 6 Complexity......Page 207 6.1 Mind Over Matter......Page 209 6.2 Random Boolean Networks......Page 217 6.3 Autonomous Agents......Page 224 6.3.1 Honey Bees......Page 225 6.3.2 Slime Molds......Page 227 6.3.3 Bacterial Colonies......Page 229 6.3.4 Langton's Ant......Page 230 6.3.5 Multi-Ant Systems......Page 237 6.3.6 Traveling Salesman Problem......Page 243 Appendix A......Page 247 References......Page 255 Index......Page 269

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