E-Book Overview
Derek T. O'Hagan and a team of expert vaccinologists and pharmacologists thoroughly describe the preparation, characterization, and evaluation of a wide range of alternative vaccine adjuvants for use in preclinical studies. Each chapter carefully reviews a single adjuvant, and suggests why a specific adjuvant might be preferred for a given antigen, depending on what type of immune response is desired. Alternate adjuvant choices are also presented so that researchers can choose those most efficacious for their specific purpose. Comprehensive and highly practical, Vaccine Adjuvants: Preparation Methods and Research Protocols provides an effective guide to making and using vaccine adjuvants. By closely following directions from the book, today's researchers will be able optimally to induce specific immune responses against different types of antigens and to selectively manipulate the immune response in a favorable way.
E-Book Content
TM M E T H O D S I N M O L E C U L A R M E D I C I N E TM
Vaccine Adjuvants Preparation Methods and Research Protocols Edited by
Derek T. O’Hagan
Humana Press
Overview of Adjuvant Use
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1 An Overview of Adjuvant Use Robert Edelman 1. Introduction Adjuvants have been used to augment the immune response to antigens for more than 70 years. Ramon first demonstrated that it was possible to increase levels of diphtheria or tetanus antitoxin by the addition of bread crumbs, agar, tapioca, starch oil, lecithin, or saponin to the vaccines (1). In this chapter, an overview is provided of modern vaccine adjuvants as background for more detailed discussions of promising adjuvants in chapters to follow. After a more general discussion of adjuvants including their definition, mechanisms of action, safety, ideal characteristics, impediments to development, and preclinical and clinical regulatory issues, examp