Climate Change And Cultural Dynamics: A Global Perspective On Mid-holocene Transitions

CLIMATE CHANGE AND CULTURAL DYNAMICS A Global Perspective on Mid-Holocene Transitions The front cover image shows Mounds G, H, and I at Caral, a Mid-Holocene ceremonial center in Peru. (Photograph by Daniel H. Sandweiss.) CLIMATE CHANGE AND CULTURAL DYNAMICS A Global Perspective on Mid-Holocene Transitions Edited by David G. Anderson Department of Anthropology, University of Tennessee Knoxville, TN 37996, USA Kirk A. Maasch Climate Change Institute and Department of Earth Sciences, University of Maine Orono, ME 04469, USA Daniel H. Sandweiss Department of Anthropology, Climate Change Institute, and Graduate School, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469, USA Amsterdam – Boston – Heidelberg – London – New York – Oxford Paris – San Diego – San Francisco – Singapore – Sydney – Tokyo Academic Press is an imprint of Elsevier ACADEMIC PRESS Academic Press is an imprint of Elsevier 84 Theobald’s Road, London WCIX 8RR, UK Radarweg 29, PO Box 211, 1000 AE Amsterdam, The Netherlands Linacre House, Jordan Hill, Oxford OX2 8DP, UK 30 Corporate Drive, Suite 400, Burlington, MA 01803, USA 525 B Street, Suite 1900, San Diego, CA 92101-4495, USA First edition 2007 Copyright r 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise without the prior written permission of the publisher Permissions may be sought directly from Elsevier’s Science & Technology Rights Department in Oxford, UK: phone (+44) (0) 1865 843830; fax (+44) (0) 1865 853333; email: [email protected] Alternatively you can submit your request online by visiting the Elsevier web site at http://www.elsevier.com/locate/permissions, and selecting Obtaining permission to use Elsevier material Notice No responsibility is assumed by the publisher for any injury and/or damage to persons or property as a matter of products liability, negligence or otherwise, or from any use or operation of any methods, products, instructions or ideas contained in the material herein. Because of rapid advances in the medical sciences, in particular, independent verification of diagnoses and drug dosages should be made ISBN: 978-0-12-088390-5 For information on all Academic Press publications visit our website at books.elsevier.com Printed and bound in USA 07 08 09 10 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 DEDICATION Dedicated to the memory of Thor Heyerdahl (1914–2002), and all those exploring relationships between climate and culture, perhaps the greatest challenge facing our species in the twenty-first century This page intentionally left blank Contents List of Contributors List of Figures List of Tables Preface and Acknowledgments Foreword Thor Heyerdahl 1 C