Human Nutrition: A Continuing Debate

Human Nutrition Human Nutrition A continuing debate An Account of a Symposium Nutrition in the Nineties which formed part of the Edinburgh Science Festival The Symposium was organized by the Pfizer Symposium Committee of the University of Edinburgh Post-Graduate Board for Medicine MARTIN EASTWOOD Gastrointestinal Unit, Department ofMedicine, University ofEdinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh CHRISTINE EDWARDS Department ofHuman Nutrition, University of Glasgow DOREEN PARRY Department ofNutrition, Queen Margaret College, Edinburgh 1~ 111 SPRINGER-SCIENCE+BUSINESS MEDIA, B.Y First edition 1992 © Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht 1992 Originally published by Chapman & Hall in 1992 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1992 Typeset in 10/12 pt Ehrhardt by Best-set Typesetters Ltd, Hong Kong ISBN 978-0-412-40310-1 ISBN 978-1-4899-4495-5 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-1-4899-4495-5 Apart from any fair dealing for the purposes of research or private study, or criticism or review, as permitted under the UK Copyright Designs and Patents Act, 1988, this publication may not be reproduced, stored, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the prior permission in writing of the publishers, or in the case of reprographic reproduction only in accordance with the terms of the licences issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency in the UK, or in accordance with the terms of licences issued by the appropriate Reproduction Rights Organization outside the UK. Enquiries concerning reproduction outside the terms stated here should be sent to the publishers at the London address printed on this page. The publisher makes no representation, express or implied, with regard to the accuracy of the information contained in this book and cannot accept any legal responsibility or liability for any errors or omissions that may be made. A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication data available Contents Contributors xi Foreword R. Passmore xiii Introduction M. Eastwood, G. Edwards and D. Parry 1 National food policies w.P. T. James and A. Ralph 1.1 Introduction 1.2 World War II 1.3 Post-war developments 1.4 Britain today References Discussion xv 1 1 2 3 4 12 14 2 Infant origins of common diseases D.}.P. Barker 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Geographical distribution of infant mortality 2.3 Cardiovascular disease and infant death 2.4 Hertfordshire infant follow-up study 2.5 Preston infant follow-up study 2.6 Unequal death rates in three Lancashire towns 2.7 Conclusion References Discussion 17 17 19 20 23 24 26 27 28 PART ONE Cholesterol and Fat 31 3 Atherosclerosis in perspective: the pathophysiology of human cholesterol metabolism }. Shepherd and G.}. Packard 3.1 Introduction 17 33 33 vi Contents 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 Cholesterol in the plasma Cholesterol and atherosclerosis Low-density lipoprotein and atherosclerosis High-density lipoprotein and atherosclerosis Diet and plasma cholesterol metabolism Drugs and plasma cholesterol metabolism Acknowledgements References 4 Unobserved publications D. Kritchevsky 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Blood cholesterol 4.3 Variability 4.4 4.5 Diet Blood cholesterol reduction and outcome 4.6 Low blood cholesterol and outcome 4.7 Conclusions Acknowledgement References Discussion PART lWO Sugar 5 Sugars in human disease: a review of the evidence KW. Heaton 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Physical facts and physiology 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 5.7 Sugars and spontaneous calorie intake Health consequences of overnutrition Metabolic e