A World Wide Review Of The Commercial Production Biodiesel - A Technological, Economic And Ecological Investigation Based On Case Studies

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As early as the beginning of the 20th century Rudolf Diesel proposed vegetable oil as fuel for his engine. A short time later, before and during World War Two, vegetable oil was examined in "up-to-date" diesel engines. In 1940 first trials with vegetable oil methyl and ethyl esters were carried out in France and, at the same time, scientists in Belgium were using palm oil ethyl ester as a fuel for buses. In 1973, the oil crisis refocused attention on and interest for local energy sources. In recent decades, research concerning and knowledge about the external benefits of renewable raw materials have intensified the efforts for sustainable energy sources. Biodiesel plays a major role in this field because of the world-wide research, development and deployment activities of this sustainable energy source.

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Stephan FRIEDRICH A WORLD WIDE REVIEW OF THE COMMERCIAL PRODUCTION OF BIODIESEL – A technological, economic and ecological investigation based on case studies ____________________________________________________ BAND 41 Mag. Stephan FRIEDRICH A WORLD WIDE REVIEW OF THE COMMERCIAL PRODUCTION OF BIODIESEL – A technological, economic and ecological investigation based on case studies SCHRIFTENREIHE UMWELTSCHUTZ UND RESSOURCENÖKONOMIE DES INSTITUTES FÜR TECHNOLOGIE UND NACHHALTIGES PRODUKTMANAGEMENT (ehemals Institut für Technologie und Warenwirtschaftslehre) DER WIRTSCHAFTSUNIVERSITÄT Herausgeber: o.Univ. Prof. Dr. Gerhard Vogel BAND 41 © by Mag. Stephan Friedrich, Wien 2004 Medieninhaber: Institut für Technologie und nachhaltiges Produktmanagement der Wirtschaftsuniversität A-1090 Wien, Augasse 2-6, Tel. + 43 1 31336/4806, Fax + 43 1 31336/706 http://itpn.wu-wien.ac.at Alle Rechte vorbehalten, auszugsweise Veröffentlichungen nur mit Genehmigung, Quellenangabe und gegen Belegexemplar FRIEDRICH Index of Contents INDEX OF CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION ..........................................................................................................1 2. BIODIESEL: BASIC FACTS ........................................................................................3 2.1 2.2 2.21 2.22 2.23 2.24 2.25 2.3 2.31 2.32 2.4 2.5 2.51 2.52 2.53 2.54 2.55 2.56 2.57 2.6 2.61 2.62 2.63 2.64 2.7 Definition of Biodiesel ...................................................................................................3 Demarcation ...................................................................................................................3 E-diesel ...........................................................................................................................3 Fossil diesel ....................................................................................................................3 Crude vegetable oil.........................................................................................................4 Ultra low sulphur diesel..................................................................................................4 Fischer-Tropsch diesel....................................................................................................5 Production process..........................................................................................................5 Transesterification ..........................................................................................................5 Feedstock........................................................................................................................8 Uses ..............................................................................................................................12 Advantages of Biodiesel use .....................................................................