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Often working under severely restricted academic and social conditions, the Latvian scholar Joel Weinberg has made a unique and important contribution to biblical studies. Influenced by Soviet work in ancient Near Eastern history, Weinberg's distinctive approach is in dialogue with scholarship in both Eastern and Western European traditions. This translation brings together seven essays originally published in Russian, then translated and expanded by Weinberg into German. The essays form the basis of what was originally Weinberg's dissertation. Publication of these essays in English will not only allow students and scholars easier access to Weinberg's thought, but will allow scholars to evaluate the studies together, and thus facilitate the current dialogue on the Babylonian exile, and the postexilic period.
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JOURNAL FOR THE STUDY OF THE OLD TESTAMENT SUPPLEMENT SERIES
151
Editors David J.A. Clines Philip R. Davies Editorial Board Richard J. Coggins, Alan Cooper, Tamara C. Eskenazi, J. Cheryl Exum, Robert P. Gordon, Norman K. Gottwald, Andrew D.H. Mayes, Carol Meyers, Patrick D. Miller
JSOT Press Sheffield
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The
Citizen-Temple Community
Joel Weinberg Translated by Daniel L. Smith-Christopher
Journal for the Study of the Old Testament Supplement Series 151
Copyright © 1992 Sheffield Academic Press Published by JSOT Press JSOT Press is an imprint of Sheffield Academic Press Ltd 343 Fulwood Road Sheffield S10 3BP England
Typeset by Sheffield Academic Press and Printed on acid-free paper in Great Britain by Biddies Limited Guildford
British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library
ISBN 1-85075-395-X
CONTENTS 7 8
Acknowledgments Abbreviations Translator's Foreword
10
Chapter 1 COMMENTS ON THE PROBLEM OF 'PRE-HELLENISM IN THE NEAR EAST'
17
Chapter 2 DEMOGRAPHIC NOTES ON THE HISTORY OF THE POSTEXILIC COMMUNITY IN JUDAH
34
Chapter 3 THE Bet Abdt IN THE SIXTH TO FOURTH CENTURIES BCE
49
Chapter 4 THE 'Am Ha' ares OF THE SIXTH TO FOURTH CENTURIES BCE
62
Chapter 5 N'tinim AND 'SONS OF THE SLAVES OF SOLOMON' IN THE
SIXTH TO FOURTH CENTURIES BCE Chapter 6 THE AGRICULTURAL RELATIONS OF THE CITIZEN-TEMPLE COMMUNITY IN THE ACHAEMENID PERIOD Chapter 7 CENTRAL AND LOCAL ADMINISTRATION IN THE ACHAEMENID EMPIRE Chapter 8 THE POSTEXILIC CITIZEN-TEMPLE COMMUNITY: THEORY AND REALITY
127
Index of References Index of Authors
139 142
75
92
105
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The chapters in this book originally appeared as follows: Chapter 1 'Bemerkungen zum Problem, "Der Vorhellenismus im Vorden Orient"', Klio 58 (1976), pp. 5-20. Chapter 2 'Demographische Notizen zur Geschichte der nachexilischen Gemeinde in Juda', Klio 54 (1972), pp. 45-59. Chapter 3 'Da&Beit'Abot im 6.-4. Jh. v.u.Z.', VT23 (1973), pp. 400-14. Chapter 4 'Der 'amme ha'ares des 6.^. Jh. v.u.Z.', Klio 56 (1974), pp. 325-35. Chapter 5 l e N tinim und "Sohne der Sklaven Salomos" im 6.-4. Jh. v.u.Z.', ZAW&l (1975), pp. 355-71. Chapter 6 'Die Agrarverhaltnisse in der Biirger-Tempel-Gemeinde der Achamenidenzeit', AAASH 12 (1974), Fasc. 1-4. Chapter 7 'Zentral- und Partiukulargewalt im achamenidischen Reich', Klio 59 (1977), pp. 25-43.
ABBREVIATIONS
AASOR AAASH
AfO AJBA AJSL
AO ArOr
BA BASOR
BBR BHT BM
BWANT
Annual of the American Schools of Oriental Research Acta Antiqua Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae Archivfur Orientforschung Australian Journal of Biblical Archaeology American Journal o