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FESTKORPERPROBLEME XXIII ADVANCES IN SOLID STATE PHYSICS
FESTKORPER PROBLEMEXXlII ADVAHCESIH SOLID STATE PHYSICS
Plenary Lectures of the Divisions "Semiconductor Physics" "Metal Physics" "Low Temperature Physics" "Thermodynamics and Statistical Physics" "Thin Films" "Surface Physics" "Magnetism" of the German Physical Society (DPG) Freudenstadt, March 21 .-25., 1983
Edited by P. Grosse, Aachen
With 212 figures
Vieweg
ISSN
0430-3393
All rights reserved 9 Friedr. Vieweg & Sohn Verlagsgesellschaft mbH, Braunschweig 1983 No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, mechanical, photocopying or otherwise, without prior permission of the copyright holder. Set by Vieweg, Braunschweig Printed by Lengericher Handelsdruckerei, Lengerich Bookbinder: W. Langeliiddecke, Braunschweig Cover design: Barbara Seebohm Braunschweig
ISBN
3-528-08029-9
Foreword
The spring meeting 1983 in Freudenstadt of the subgroup Solid State Physics Arbeitskreis Festk6rperphysik - of the Deutsche Physikalische GeseUschaft has covered again a wide field of topics ranging from fundamental physics to technical applications of semiconductors. Volume XXIII of the ,,Festk6rperprobleme" contains a selection of the invited talks presented at that conference. The first contribution of K. Satfler deals with the connecting link between molecules and crystals, the so-called microclusters. These fascinating experiments were honored with the Walter-Schottky-prize 1983. The next four papers concern more general aspects of condensed matter physics: Nonlinear structures and solitons. - The transition from the B 1-type to the Bl3-type lattice in IV-VI-compounds. That is an example for a ferroelectric phase transition in a very simple crystallographic system. - Optical properties of small particles, an inhomogeneous system which has to date a remarkable Renaissance. The x-ray synchrotron as a powerful, modem tool in solid state physics. This topic is especially of interest considering the European facilities of the next future. The further seven papers are addressed to physical problems in the field of preparation technique and modern ways to prepare "synthetic" semiconductors: Ion implantation. - Laser annealing. - A nice atlas of defect patterns which arise during the crystal growth from the melt. - The interaction of semiconductor surface with hydrogen and oxygen as well as with metals. The first is a basic process of interest during the oxidation of silicon. The second is of interest to understand the properties of metal/semiconductor contacts. - The extension of the spectrum of semiconducting systems due to the electronic properties of nipi-superlattices and of the two dimensional electron gas, respectively. Under these the paper of H. Kurz deals with the contradictory matter of explaining the microscopic mechanisms of laser annealing. The paper contributes therefore in an "up to date" way to a very excited discussion! The last three papers concern the technical applications of semiconductors: Semiconducting gas sensors. - Semiconductor devices in motor vehicles. - Optical communication technique. In these contributions the state of the art and some outlook are reviewed. V
The editor thanks all the authors from research institutes, from industrial laboratories, and from universities for their collaboration at the conference and their effort in preparing the manuscripts. I thank in addition the publisher, especially Mr. A. Schubert and my coworker Mr. J. Brunn, who assisted me cautiously in reading all the manuscripts and the proofs, and last not least I thank my colleagues in Aachen and in some other places for their help in organizing the conference. Aachen, Juni 1983 Peter Grosse
VI
Contents
Klaus Sattler