Electrokinetic Phenomena

Electrokinetic Phenomena Principles and Applications in Analytical Chemistry and Microchip Technology edited by Anurag S. Rathore Amgen, Inc. Thousand Oaks, California, U.S.A. Andris Guttman Diversa Corporation San Diego, California, U.S.A. MARCEL MARCELDEKKER, INC. DEKKER N E WYORK BASEL This edition published in the Taylor & Francis e-Library, 2005. “To purchase your own copy of this or any of Taylor & Francis or Routledge’s collection of thousands of eBooks please go to www.eBookstore.tandf.co.uk.” Although great care has been taken to provide accurate and current information, neither the author(s) nor the publisher, nor anyone else associated with this publication, shall be liable for any loss, damage, or liability directly or indirectly caused or alleged to be caused by this book. The material contained herein is not intended to provide specific advice or recommendations for any specific situation. Trademark notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data A catalog record for this book is available from the Library of Congress. ISBN 0-203-91298-5 Master e-book ISBN ISBN: 0-8247-4306-7 (Print Edition) Headquarters Marcel Dekker, Inc., 270 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10016, U.S.A. tel: 212-696-9000; fax: 212-685-4540 Distribution and Customer Service Marcel Dekker, Inc., Cimarron Road, Monticello, New York 12701, U.S.A. tel: 800-228-1160; fax: 845-796-1772 Eastern Hemisphere Distribution Marcel Dekker AG, Hutgasse 4, Postfach 812, CH-4001 Basel, Switzerland tel: 41-61-260-6300; fax: 41-61-260-6333 World Wide Web http://www.dekker.com The publisher offers discounts on this book when ordered in bulk quantities. For more information, write to Special Sales/Professional Marketing at the headquarters address above. Copyright  2004 Marcel Dekker, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Neither this book nor any part may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, microfilming, and recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Foreword The field of electrokinetic phenomena has had a long history. For over a century, it has been recognized that ions in solution move in the presence of electric fields. It is also well known that bulk flow can occur when electric fields are applied and when the surfaces containing the fluid are charged (electroosmosis). These two phenomena, ion and bulk flow movement in the presence of electric fields, and their applications in both analytical chemistry and microfluidics are covered in depth in this book. The book is an outgrowth of the field of electrophoresis, and as such it owes a debt of gratitude to all the pioneers who brought the science to where it is today. While I do not wish to provide a historical survey, it is nevertheless useful to explore briefly the past so that the reader will understand and appreciate the advances outlined in this