Anatomy And Physiology


E-Book Information

  • Year: 2,007

  • Edition: 8

  • Pages: 1,116

  • Pages In File: 1,266

  • Language: English

  • Topic: 148

  • Identifier: 0072965576,9780072965575

  • Org File Size: 101,629,491

  • Extension: pdf

  • Toc: Cover Page ......Page 1 Title Page ......Page 2 Copyright Page ......Page 3 DEDICATION......Page 4 ABOUT THE AUTHORS......Page 5 BRIEF CONTENTS......Page 6 CONTENTS......Page 7 PREFACE......Page 11 1 The Human Organism......Page 24 Structural and Functional Organization......Page 25 Characteristics of Life......Page 29 Biomedical Research......Page 32 Terminology and the Body Plan......Page 35 2 The Chemical Basis of Life......Page 46 Basic Chemistry......Page 47 Intermolecular forces......Page 53 Chemical Reactions and Energy......Page 55 Inorganic Chemistry......Page 59 Organic Chemistry......Page 62 3 Cell Biology and Genetics......Page 78 Functions of the Cell......Page 79 Membrane Proteins......Page 81 Movement Through the Plasma Membrane......Page 87 Endocytosis and Exocytosis......Page 94 Cytoplasm......Page 99 The Nucleus and Cytoplasmic Organelles......Page 100 Genes and Gene Expression......Page 109 Cell Life Cycle......Page 114 Genetics......Page 116 4 Histology: The Study of Tissues......Page 132 Epithelial Tissue......Page 133 Connective Tissue......Page 143 Muscle Tissue......Page 157 Nervous Tissue......Page 159 Membranes......Page 160 Inflammation......Page 161 Tissue Repair......Page 163 Tissue and Aging......Page 165 5 Integumentary System......Page 172 Skin......Page 173 Hypodermis......Page 180 Accessory Skin Structures......Page 181 Summary of Integumentary System Functions......Page 186 Effects of Aging on the Integumentary System......Page 188 6 Skeletal System: Bones and Bone Tissue......Page 196 Cartilage......Page 197 Bone Histology......Page 198 Bone Anatomy......Page 203 Bone Development......Page 206 Bone Growth......Page 208 Bone Remodeling......Page 214 Bone Repair......Page 215 Calcium Homeostasis......Page 217 Effects of Aging on the Skeletal System......Page 221 7 Skeletal System: Gross Anatomy......Page 226 General Considerations......Page 227 Axial Skeleton......Page 229 Appendicular Skeleton......Page 256 8 Articulations and Movement......Page 275 Classes of Joints......Page 276 Types of Movement......Page 282 Description of Selected Joints......Page 286 Effects of Aging on the Joints......Page 295 9 Muscular System: Histology and Physiology......Page 301 Skeletal Muscle Structure......Page 302 Physiology of Skeletal Muscle Fibers......Page 308 Physiology of Skeletal Muscle......Page 318 Types of Muscle Contractions......Page 322 Fatigue......Page 324 Energy Sources......Page 326 Slow and Fast Fibers......Page 328 Smooth Muscle......Page 330 Cardiac Muscle......Page 334 Effects of Aging on Skeletal Muscle......Page 335 10 Muscular System: Gross Anatomy......Page 343 General Principles......Page 344 Head Muscles......Page 350 Trunk Muscles......Page 363 Upper Limb Muscles......Page 369 Lower Limb Muscles......Page 382 11 Functional Organization of Nervous Tissue......Page 397 Divisions of the N

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