Fluid Mechanics

HILARY. D. BREWSTER Fluid Mechanics "This page is Intentionally Left Blank" FLUID MECHANICS Hilary D. Brewster Oxford Book Company Jaipur, India ISBN: 978-81-89473-98-3 First Edition 2009 Oxford Book Company 267, 10-B-Scheme, Opp. Narayan Niwas, Gopalpura By Pass Road. Jaipur-302018 Phone: 0141-2594705. Fax: 0141-2597527 e-mail: [email protected] website: www.oxfordbookcompany.com © Reserved Typeset by : . Shivangi Computers 267, IO-B-Scheme, Opp. Narayan Niwas, Gopalpura By Pass Road. Jaipur-302018 Printed at : Rajdhani Printers, Delhi All Rights are Reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system. or transmitted. in any form or by any means, electronic. mechanical, photocopying, recording. scanning or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the copyright owner. Responsibility for the facts stated. opinions expressed. conclusions reached and plagiarism, ifany, in this volume is entirely that of the Author. according to whom the matter encompassed in this book has been originally created/edited and resemblance with any sllch publication may be incidental. The Publisher bears no responsibility for them, whatsoever Preface Fluid Mechanics, understanding and applying the principles of how motions and forces act upon fluids such as gases and liquids, is introduced and comprehensively covered in this widely adopted text. This book 'Fluid Mechanics' continues the tradition of precision, accuracy, accessibility and strong conceptual presentation. The author balances three separate approaches integral, differential and experimental to provide a foundation for fluid mechanics concepts and applications. The application of theory in fluid mechanics and enables students new to the science to grasp fundamental concepts in the subject. Despite dramatic advances in numerical and experimental methods of fluid mechanics, the fundamentals are still the starting point for solving flow problems. This textbook introduces the major branches of fluid mechanics of incompressible and compressible media, the basic laws governing their flow, and gas dynamics. Fluid Mechanics demonstrates how flows can be classified and how specific engineering problems can be identified, formulated and solved, using the methods of applied mathematics. The concepts of fluid mechanics, covering both the physical and mathematical aspects of the subject. The text aims to bridge the gap between civil and mechanical engineering courses, and hence covers a wide variety of topics. This book remains one of the most comprehensive and useful texts on fluid mechanics available today, with applications going from engineering to geophysics, and beyond to biology and general science. This book features the applications of essential concepts as well as the coverage of topics in the this field. Hilary D. Brewster "This page is Intentionally Left Blank" Contents Preface l. Fluid Mechanics v 1 2. Physical Basics of Fluid 35 3. Basics of Fluid Kinematics 67 4. Basic Equations of Fluid Mechanics 95 5. Ga.s Dynamics 133 6. Hydrostatics and Aerostatics 155 7. Integral Forms of the Basic Equations 194 8. Stream Tube Theory 221 9. Potential Flows 246 10. Wave Motions in Fluids Free from Viscosity Index 278 300 "This page is Intentionally Left Blank" Chapter 1 Fluid Mechanics What is fluid mechanics? As its name suggests it is the branch of applied mechan.ics concerned with the statics and dynamics of fluids (both liq