E-Book Content
Geology and Geoarchaeology of the Black Sea Region: Beyond the Flood Hypothesis edited by Ilya V. Buynevich Department of Earth and Environmental Science Temple University 1901 N. 13th Street Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA Valentina Yanko-Hombach Avalon Institute of Applied Science 976 Elgin Avenue Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 1B4, Canada and Department of Physical and Marine Geology Odessa National I.I. Mechnikov University 2 Shampansky per. Odessa, 65058, Ukraine Allan S. Gilbert Department of Sociology and Anthropology Dealy Hall 401 Fordham University Bronx, New York 10458, USA Ronald E. Martin Department of Geological Sciences University of Delaware 103 Penny Hall Newark, Delaware 19716-2544, USA
Special Paper 473 3300 Penrose Place, P.O. Box 9140
Boulder, Colorado 80301-9140 USA
2011
Copyright © 2011, The Geological Society of America (GSA), Inc. All rights reserved. GSA grants permission to individual scientists to make unlimited photocopies of one or more items from this volume for noncommercial purposes advancing science or education, including classroom use. For permission to make photocopies of any item in this volume for other noncommercial, nonprofit purposes, contact The Geological Society of America. Written permission is required from GSA for all other forms of capture or reproduction of any item in the volume including, but not limited to, all types of electronic or digital scanning or other digital or manual transformation of articles or any portion thereof, such as abstracts, into computer-readable and/or transmittable form for personal or corporate use, either noncommercial or commercial, for-profit or otherwise. Send permission requests to GSA Copyright Permissions, 3300 Penrose Place, P.O. Box 9140, Boulder, Colorado 80301-9140, USA. GSA provides this and other forums for the presentation of diverse opinions and positions by scientists worldwide, regardless of their race, citizenship, gender, religion, or political viewpoint. Opinions presented in this publication do not reflect official positions of the Society. Copyright is not claimed on any material prepared wholly by government employees within the scope of their employment. Published by The Geological Society of America, Inc. 3300 Penrose Place, P.O. Box 9140, Boulder, Colorado 80301-9140, USA www.geosociety.org Printed in U.S.A. GSA Books Science Editors: Marion E. Bickford and Donald I. Siegel Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Geology and geoarchaeology of the Black Sea Region : beyond the flood hypothesis / edited by Ilya V. Buynevich ... [et al.]. p. cm. -- (Special paper ; 473) Includes bibliographical references. ISBN 978-0-8137-2473-7 (pbk.) 1. Geology--Black Sea Region. 2. Archaeological geology--Black Sea Region. 3. Paleoclimatology-Holocene. I. Buynevich, Ilya V. (Ilya Val) QE350.22.B55G465 2011 554.9--dc22 2010046616 Cover: Satellite image of the Black Sea. NASA image courtesy of the MODIS Rapid Response Team (http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/IOTD/view.php?id=8817). Inset, left: Eroding cliffs of Berezan Island, Ukraine, an important archaeological site along the northern Black Sea coast. Photo by I. Buynevich. Inset, center: ROV Hercules over a shipwreck with amphorae on the bottom of the Black Sea. Photo ©IFE/COE. Inset, right: Remnants of Tauric Chersonesos, an important Greek colony and port on the Crimean Peninsula. Photo by I. Buynevich.
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Contents
Preface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . v V. Yanko-Hombach, A.S. Gilbert, I.V. Buynevich, and R.E. Martin 1. Surface runoff to the Black Sea from the East European Plain during Last Glaciation Maximum–Late Glacial time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .