3d-groundwater Modeling With Pmwin: A Simulation System For Modeling Groundwater Flow And Transport Processes

W.-H. Chiang 3D-Groundwater Modeling with PMWIN Wen-Hsing Chiang 3D-Groundwater Modeling with PMWIN A Simulation System for Modeling Groundwater Flow and Transport Processes Second Edition With 242 Figures and 23 Tables Wen-Hsing Chiang Integrated Environmental Services, Inc. 22932 El Toro Road Lake Forest, CA 92630 U.S.A Library of Congress Control Number: 2005928419 ISBN-10 3-540-27590-8 Springer Berlin Heidelberg New York ISBN-13 978-3-540-27590-9 Springer Berlin Heidelberg New York This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilm or in any other way, and storage in data banks. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the German Copyright Law of September 9, 1965, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer-Verlag. Violations are liable to prosecution under the German Copyright Law. Springer is a part of Springer Science+Business Media Springeronline.com © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2005 Printed in The Netherlands The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. Cover design: E. Kirchner, Heidelberg Typesetting: camera-ready by author Production: Almas Schimmel Printing: Krips bv, Meppel Binding: Stürtz AG, Würzburg Printed on acid-free paper 30/3141/as 5 4 3 2 1 0 For my family - Wendy and Benjamin Preface This is a story about the birth, growth and life of Processing Modflow. It was 1987 in Southern Germany when I encountered my first groundwater model as a member of a team headed by Wolfgang Kinzelbach at the University of Stuttgart. The model was based on a two dimensional finite element code FINEM[67] for simulating transient flow and transport with approximately 3500 nodes. Although the team had access to supercomputers, it took a significantly long time to construct the model by drafting the model mesh over a map and by keying in the model data column-by-column and row-by-row. Back in those days we were lucky to have access to networked mainframe computers with monitors and keyboards instead of punch cards or paper tapes. However, it was frustrating for me to see brilliant colleagues (including Thomas Franz, who co-authored Visual Modflow in 1995) sitting in front of a monitor typing number after number until midnight. It happened so often that we nicknamed our IBM computers: Immer Bis Mitternacht, which means Always Till Midnight. Bearing that experience in mind and with the encouragement of Wolfgang, I started coding my first graphical user interface FEMNET for support of data input and graphical result output for FINEM. In 1989, I joined Wolfgang at his new institute and started my doctoral study at the University of Kassel in central Germany. Soon after, two modeling projects proposed by Wolfgang were granted and both required using the then newly released MODFLOW-88 [81]. At that time, ModelCAD was the only commercially available graphical user in