Supplementary Cementing Materials

Engineering Materials For further volumes: http://www.springer.com/series/4288 Rafat Siddique Mohammad Iqbal Khan • Supplementary Cementing Materials 123 Dr. Rafat Siddique Department of Civil Engineering Thapar University Patiala 147004 India e-mail: [email protected] [email protected] Dr. Mohammad Iqbal Khan Structural Engineering Center of Excellence for Concrete Research and Testing College of Engineering King Saud University Riyadh 11421 Saudi Arabia e-mail: [email protected] ISSN 1612-1317 e-ISSN 1868-1212 ISBN 978-3-642-17865-8 e-ISBN 978-3-642-17866-5 DOI 10.1007/978-3-642-17866-5 Springer Heidelberg Dordrecht London New York Ó Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2011 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilm or in any other way, and storage in data banks. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the German Copyright Law of September 9, 1965, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer. Violations are liable to prosecution under the German Copyright Law. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. Cover design: deblik, Berlin Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com) Dedicated to Our Parents and Families Preface Concrete is the most widely used construction material because of its versatility, economy, availability of raw materials, strength, and durability. Concrete can be designed to withstand the harshest environmental conditions while taking on the most inspirational and imaginable shapes and forms. Scientist/Engineers and academicians are continuously working for better concrete from strength and durability standpoint with the help of innovative chemical admixtures and supplementary cementing materials (SCMs). In addition, the use of SCMs conserves energy and has environmental benefits because of reduction in carbon dioxide emission as a result of reduction in manufacture of Portland cement. Strict airpollution controls and regulations have produced an abundance of industrial byproducts that can be used as supplementary cementitious materials. Typical examples are fly ash, silica fume, ground granulated blastfurnace slag, metakao