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Understanding the chimpanzee mind is akin to opening a window onto human consciousness. Many of our complex cognitive processes have origins that can be seen in the way that chimpanzees think, learn, and behave. The Mind of the Chimpanzee brings together scores of prominent scientists from around the world to share the most recent research into what goes on inside the mind of our closest living relative. Intertwining a range of topics—including imitation, tool use, face recognition, culture, cooperation, and reconciliation—with critical commentaries on conservation and welfare, the collection aims to understand how chimpanzees learn, think, and feel, so that researchers can not only gain insight into the origins of human cognition, but also crystallize collective efforts to protect wild chimpanzee populations and ensure appropriate care in captive settings. With a breadth of material on cognition and culture from the lab and the field, The Mind of the Chimpanzee is a first-rate synthesis of contemporary studies of these fascinating mammals that will appeal to all those interested in animal minds and what we can learn from them.
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The Mind of the Chimpanzee
The Mind of the Chimpanzee Eco l o gi c a l a n d E x p er i m en ta l P er s p ec t i v es
Elizabeth V. Lonsdorf, Stephen R. Ross, & Tetsuro Matsuzawa
The University of Chicago Press Chicago and London
Elizabeth V. Lonsdorf is the director of the Lester E. Fisher Center for the Study and Conservation of Apes at the Lincoln Park Zoo in Chicago and a faculty member of the Committee on Evolutionary Biology at the University of Chicago. Stephen R. Ross supervises behavior and cognitive research at the Fisher Center and chairs the Chimpanzee Species Survival Plan of the Association of Zoos and Aquariums. Tetsuro Matsuzawa directs the Primate Research Institute at Kyoto University in Japan. The University of Chicago Press, Chicago 60637 The University of Chicago Press, Ltd., London © 2010 by The University of Chicago All rights reserved. Published 2010 Printed in the United States of America 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10
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ISBN-13: 978-0-226-49278-0 (cloth) ISBN-13: 978-0-226-49279-7 (paper) ISBN-10: 0-226-49278-8 (cloth) ISBN-10: 0-226-49279-6 (paper) Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data The mind of the chimpanzee : ecological and experimental perspectives / [organized by] Elizabeth V. Lonsdorf, Stephen R. Ross, and Tetsuro Matsuzawa. p. cm. Based on the papers presented at a conference held in Chicago in 2007. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN-13: 978-0-226-49278-0 (cloth : alk. paper) ISBN-13: 978-0-226-49279-7 (pbk. : alk. paper) ISBN-10: 0-226-49278-8 (cloth : alk. paper) ISBN-10: 0-226-49279-6 (pbk. : alk. paper) 1. Chimpanzees— Behavior—Congresses. 2. Chimpanzees—Psychology—Congresses. 3. Chimpanzees—Ecology—Congresses. 4. Chimpanzees— Conservation—Congresses. 5. Cognition in animals—Congresses. 6. Social behavior in animals—Congresses. I. Lonsdorf, Elizabeth. II. Ross, Stephen R. III. Matsuzawa, Tetsuro, 1950– IV. Goodall, Jane, 1934– ql737.p96m57 2010 599.885′15—dc22 2009042882 The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of the American National Standard for Information Sciences—Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials, ANSI Z39.48-1992.
Contents Foreword Jane Goodall vii Acknowledgments
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1 The Chimpanzee Mind: Bridging Fieldwork and Laboratory Work Tetsuro Matsuzawa 1
Pa rt I. Cognitive Mechanisms 2 Early Social Cognition in Chimpanzees Masako Myowa-Yamakoshi 23 3 Using an Object Manipulation Task as a Scale for Comparing Cognitive Development in Chimpanzees and Humans Misato Hayashi 32 4 Do the Chimpanzee Eyes Have It? Masaki Tomonaga 42 5 Understanding the Expression and Classification of Chimpanzee