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International frontiers and boundaries separate land, rivers and lakes subject to different sovereignties. Frontiers are zones of varying widths and they were common many centuries ago. By 1900 frontiers had almost disappeared and had been replaced by boundaries that are lines. The divisive nature of frontiers and boundaries has formed the focus of inter-disciplinary studies by economists, geographers, historians, lawyers and political scientists. Scholars from these disciplines have produced a rich literature dealing with frontiers and boundaries. The authors surveyed this extensive literature and the introduction reveals the themes which have attracted most attention.Following the introduction the book falls into three sections. The first section deals systematically with frontiers, boundary evolution and boundary disputes. The second section considers aspects of international law related to boundaries. It includes chapters dealing with international law and territorial boundaries, maps as evidence of international boundaries and river boundaries and international law. The third section consists of seven regional chapters that examine the evolution of boundaries in the Americas, the Middle East, Africa, Asia, Europe, islands off Southeast Asia and Antarctica.
E-Book Content
International Frontiers and Boundaries
Visualising the Middle Ages Editorial board
Professor Madeline Caviness, Tufts University (USA) Dr Eva Frojmovic, University of Leeds (UK) (series editor) Professor Diane Wolfthal, Arizona State University (USA) Professor Catherine Harding, University of Victoria (Canada)
VOLUME 2
International Frontiers and Boundaries Law, Politics and Geography
by
Victor Prescott and Gillian D. Triggs
LEIDEN • BOSTON 2008
This book is printed on acid-free paper. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Prescott, J. R. V. (John Robert Victor) International Frontiers and Boundaries : Law, Politics and Geography / by Victor Prescott and Gillian D. Triggs. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-90-04-16785-8 (hardback : alk. paper) 1. Boundaries. 2. Boundary disputes. I. Triggs, Gillian D. (Gillian Doreen), 1945- II. Title. KZ3684.P74 2008 341.4’2—dc22 2008007105
ISBN 978 90 04 16785 8 Copyright 2008 by Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, The Netherlands. Koninklijke Brill NV incorporates the imprints Brill, Hotei Publishers, IDC Publishers, Martinus Nijhoff Publishers and VSP. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, translated, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior written permission from the publisher. Authorization to photocopy items for internal or personal use is granted by Koninklijke Brill NV provided that the appropriate fees are paid directly to The Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Suite 910, Danvers, MA 01923, USA. Fees are subject to change. PRINTED IN THE NETHERLANDS
CONTENTS
Acknowledgements List of Illustrations 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14.
Introduction Frontiers The evolution of international boundaries International boundary disputes International Law and Territorial Boundaries Maps as Evidence of Territorial Frontiers River Boundaries and International Law The Americas The Middle East Africa Asia Europe Land boundaries on islands off Southeast Asia Antarctica
vii ix 1 23 51 91 137 191 215 233 265 291 317 349 373 383
Annexes Illustrations Bibliograpy Legal Materials Table of Cases Table of International legal instruments
409 411 485 489 489 491
Name index Subject index
493 498
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
This is not a second edition of Political frontiers and boundaries