Current Essentials Of Medicine, Fourth Edition (lange Current Essentials)

a LANGE medical book CURRENT ESSENTIALS of MEDICINE Fourth Edition Edited by Lawrence M. Tierney, Jr., MD Professor of Medicine University of California, San Francisco Associate Chief of Medical Services Veterans Affairs Medical Center San Francisco, California Sanjay Saint, MD, MPH Associate Chief of Medicine, Ann Arbor VA Medical Center Director, VA/UM Patient Safety Enhancement Program Professor of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School Ann Arbor, Michigan Mary A. Whooley, MD Professor of Medicine, Epidemiology and Biostatistics University of California, San Francisco Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center San Francisco, California New York Chicago San Francisco Lisbon London Madrid Mexico City Milan New Delhi San Juan Seoul Singapore Sydney Toronto Copyright © 2011, 2005, 2002, 1997 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Except as permitted under the United States Copyright Act of 1976, no part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, or stored in a database or retrieval system, without the prior written permission of the publisher. ISBN: 978-0-07-176665-4 MHID: 0-07-176665-0 The material in this eBook also appears in the print version of this title: ISBN: 978-0-07-163790-9, MHID: 0-07-163790-7. All trademarks are trademarks of their respective owners. Rather than put a trademark symbol after every occurrence of a trademarked name, we use names in an editorial fashion only, and to the benefit of the trademark owner, with no intention of infringement of the trademark. Where such designations appear in this book, they have been printed with initial caps. McGraw-Hill eBooks are available at special quantity discounts to use as premiums and sales promotions, or for use in corporate training programs. To contact a representative please e-mail us at [email protected] Notice Medicine is an ever-changing science. As new research and clinical experience broaden our knowledge, changes in treatment and drug therapy are required. The authors and the publisher of this work have checked with sources believed to be reliable in their efforts to provide information that is complete and generally in accord with the standards accepted at the time of publication. However, in view of the possibility of human error or changes in medical sciences, neither the editors nor the publisher nor any other party who has been involved in the preparation or publication of this work warrants that the information contained herein i