E-Book Overview
Mechanochemical transformations are the subject of increasing attention in solid state chemistry, physics and materials science as well as in development of advanced technologies. They have been discussed at a number of symposia on mechanochemistry and mechanical alloying in various countries. The International Mechanochemical Association organised the 1st International Conference on Mechanochemistry (InCoMe'93) held on March 23-26, 1993 in Kosice, Slovak Republic. More than 100 contributions from 17 countries were presented. The proceedings consist of two volumes: Vol 1 - Fundamentals and models of mechanically stimulated processes; Mechanically induced changes in the structure and properties; Vol 2 - Mechanochemical reactions and mechanical alloying; Technological aspects of ultrafine grinding and mechanical activation. The lectures included: Mechanochemical activation of solids (V V Boldyrev, Russia), Surface Mechanochemistry of Crystalline Solids (E Gutman, Israel), Mechanochemical Effects of Ultrasound (K S Suslick, USA), Mechanical Alloying in Materials Science (E Ivanov, USA), Mechanochemical Activation of Solid Particles Through Fine Grinding (I J Lin, Israe), Mechanical Activation of Solid Surfaces with Well Defined Stress Conditions (M Senna, Japan), Role of Mechanical Activation in Preparation of Catalysts (U Steinike, Germany), Nonequilibrium Phase Transformations of Intermetallic Compounds by Ball Milling (H Bakker, Holland), Correlations Between Energy Transfer and End Products in Mechanical Alloying (M Magini, Italy), Mechano-electrochemistry and Corrosion of Metals (V Gutman, Austria), Analogue Mathematical Description of Mechanical Activation (K Tkacova, Slovakia),Mechanism of Mechanochemical Synthesis in Oxide Systems (G R Karagedov, Russia), Mechanical Alloying of Iron and Boron Powders (V A Barinov, Russia), Effect of Mechanical Activation on Dissociation of Magnesite (V Jesenak, Slovakia), etc.
E-Book Content
THE OCCUPATIONAL STRESS INDEX An Approach Derived from Cognitive Ergonomics and Brain Research for Clinical Practice
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CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL SCIENCE PUBLISHING
Contents
1
2
Acknowledgements
iv
Introduction
1
The Need for the Occupational Stress Index—An Approach Derived from Cognitive Ergonomics and Brain Research for Clinical Practice
1
The Impact of Stressful Work on Health
4
How research in this area has proceeded: The crucial role of models The Job Strain Model The Effort Reward Imbalance Model
4 4 5
Evidence concerning exposure to psychosocial work stressors and adverse health outcomes
5
Cardiovascular Disease Hypertension Musculo-Skeletal Disorders Mental Health Outcomes Occupations with Evidence of Risk for Adverse Stress-Related Health Outcomes Professional Drivers Health Care Professionals Teachers Air Transport Professionals Sea Pilots Other Occupational Groups
5 10 11 11
12 12 13 14 14 15 15
ii
3
4
5
How Insights from Cognitive Ergonomics and Brain Research Inform our Assessment of the Work Environment
16
How we handle Information: A Neurophysiologic View Levels of Information Transmission: High Demands versus Underload Knowledge-Based versus Skill-Based Information Processing Threat Avoidant Vigilance The Conflict Dimension Physically Aversive Exposures
16 22 27 30 34 36
Occupation-Specific versus Generic Self-Report Measures To Assess Workplace Exposures The Occupational Stress Index as an Additive Burden Model to Help Bridge The Gap
38 38
The Occupational Stress Index (OSI) Model – Revised Version
40
The Organization of the OSI Levels of Information Transmission Stressor Aspects The Two-