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The affective connotations of environmental stimuli are evaluated spontaneously and with minimal cognitive processing. The activated evaluations influence subsequent emotional and cognitive processes. Featuring original contributions from leading researchers active in this area, this book reviews and integrates the most recent research and theories on this exciting new topic. Many fundamental issues regarding the nature of and relationship between evaluations, cognition, and emotion are covered. The chapters explore the mechanisms and boundary conditions of automatic evaluative processes, the determinants of valence, indirect measures of individual differences in the evaluation of social stimuli, and the relationship between evaluations and mood, as well as emotion and behavior. Offering a highly integrated and comprehensive coverage of the field, this book is suitable as a core textbook in advanced courses dealing with the role of evaluations in cognition and emotion.
E-Book Content
THE PSYCHOLOGY OF EVALUATION Affective Processes in Cognition and Emotion
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THE PSYCHOLOGY OF EVALUATION Affective Processes in Cognition and Emotion
Edited by
Jochen Musch Karl Christoph Klauer University of Bonn
2003
LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOCIATES, PUBLISHERS Mahwah, New Jersey London
Copyright © 2003 by Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form, by photostat, microform, retrieval system, or any other means, without the prior written permission of the publisher. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc., Publishers 10 Industrial Avenue Mahwah, New Jersey 07430
Cover design by Kathryn Houghtaling Lacey
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data The psychology of evaluation: affective processes in cognition and emotion, edited by Jochen Musch and Karl Christoph Klauer. Includes bibliographical references and indexes. ISBN 0-8058-4047-8 (c) Copyright information for this volume can be obtained by contacting the Library of Congress. Books published by Lawrence Erlbaum Associates are printed on acid-free paper, and their bindings are chosen for strength and durability. Printed in the United States of America 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Contents
List of Contributors 1 The Psychology of Evaluation: An Introduction
ix 1
Jochen Musch and Karl Christoph Klauer
PART I: MECHANISMS, BOUNDARY CONDITIONS, AND THEORIES OF AUTOMATIC EVALUATION 2 Affective Priming: Findings and Theories Karl Christoph Klauer and Jochen Musch
7
3 The "Meddling-In" of Affective Information: A General Model of Automatic Evaluation Dirk Wentura and Klaus Rothermund
51
4 Reverse Priming: Implications for the (Un)conditionality of Automatic Evaluation Jack Glaser
87
5 The Hidden Vicissitudes of the Priming Paradigm in Evaluative Judgment Research Klaus Fielder
109
vi
CONTENTS
PART II: EVALUATIVE JUDGMENTS AND THE ACQUISITION OF EVALUATIONS 6 On the Acquisition and Activation of Evaluative Information in Memory: The Study of Evaluative Learning and Affective Priming Combined Dirk Hermans, Frank Baeyens, and Paul Eelen 7 The Constructive Nature of Automatic Evaluation Melissa Ferguson and John Bargh 8 The Hedonic Marking of Processing Fluency: Implications for Evaluative Judgment Piotr Winkielman, Norbert Schwarz, Tedra Fazendeiro, and Rolf Reber
139
169
189
PART III: INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES AND INDIRECT MEASURES OF EVALUATION 9 A Structural Analysis of Indirect Measures of Attitudes Jan De Houwer
219
10 Beyond Verbal Self-Report: Priming Methods in Relationship Research Rainer Banse
245
11 Putting Process Into Personality,