Geographic Information Research : Transatlantic Perspectives

Geographic Information Research Geographic Information Research: Trans-Atlantic Perspectives EDITED BY MASSIMO CRAGLIA University of Sheffield, UK HARLAN ONSRUD University of Maine, USA ORGANISING COMMITTEE HANS-PETER BÄHR, KEITH CLARKE HELEN COUCLELIS, MASSIMO CRAGLIA HARLAN ONSRUD, FRANÇOIS SALGÉ GEIR-HARALD STRAND UK Taylor & Francis Ltd, 1 Gunpowder Square, London, EC4A 3DE USA Taylor & Francis Inc., 1900 Frost Road, Suite 101, Bristol, PA 19007 This edition published in the Taylor & Francis e-Library, 2005. “To purchase your own copy of this or any of Taylor & Francis or Routledge’s collection of thousands of eBooks please go to www.eBookstore.tandf.co.uk.” Copyright © Taylor & Francis 1999 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, electrostatic, magnetic tape, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the copyright owner. British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. ISBN 0-203-21139-1 Master e-book ISBN ISBN 0-203-26900-4 (Adobe eReader Format) ISBN 0-7484-0801-0 (paper) Library of Congress Cataloguing-in-Publication Data are available Cover design by Hybert Design and Type, Waltham St Lawrence, Berkshire Cover printed by Flexiprint, Lancing, West Sussex Contents 1 PART ONE Preface viii European Science Foundation and National Science Foundation xi Contributors xii Introduction and Overview Massimo Craglia and Harlan Onsrud 1 GI and Society: Infrastructural, Ethical and Social Issues 2 Spatial Information Technologies and Societal Problems Helen Couclelis 14 3 Information Ethics, Law and Policy for Spatial Databases: Roles for the Research Community Harlan Onsrud 24 4 Building the European Geographic Information Resource Base: Towards a Policy-Driven Research Agenda Massimo Craglia and lan Masser 30 5 GIS, Environmental Equity Analysis and the Modifiable Areal Unit Problem (MAUP) Daniel Sui 40 6 National Cultural Influences on GIS Design: A Study of Country GIS in King Country, WA, USA and Kreis Osnabruck, Germany Francis Harvey 54 7 The Commodification of Geographic Information: Some Findings from British Local Government Steve Capes 67 8 Nurturing Community Empowerment: Participatory Decision-Making and Community-Based Problem Solving Using GIS Laxmi Romasubramaian 83 9 Climbing Out of the Trenches: Issues in Successful Implementation of Spatial Decision-Support System Paul Patterson 98 v PART TWO Gl for Analysis and Modelling 10 Spatial Models and GIS Michael Wegener 108 11 Progress in Spatial Decision Making Using Geographic Information Systems Tim Nyerges 121 12 GIS and Health: From Spatial Analysis to Spatial Decision Support Antony Gatrell 134 13 The use of Neural Nets in Modelling Health Variations—The Case of Västerbotten, Sweden Orjan Pettersson 148