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MODERN AMERICAN LITERATURE
MODERN AMERICAN LITERATURE Volume I • A–G Fifth Edition
ST. JAMES PRESS A N
I M P R I N T
O F
G A L E
DETROIT • LONDON
Joann Cerrito and Laurie DiMauro, Editors
Laura Standley Berger, Dave Collins, Nicolet V. Elert, Miranda Ferrara, Kristin Hart, Margaret Mazurkiewicz, Michael J. Tyrkus St. James Press Staff
Peter M. Gareffa, Managing Editor, St. James Press
Mary Beth Trimper, Production Director Deborah Milliken, Production Assistant
Cynthia Baldwin, Product Design Manager Eric Johnson, Art Director Victoria B. Cariappa, Research Manager Michele P. LaMeau, Research Specialist
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Modern American Literature.—5th ed. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. Contents: v. 1. A-G — v. 2. H-O — v. 3. P-Z ISBN 1-55862-379-5 (set). — ISBN 1-55862-380-9 (v. 1). — ISBN 1-55862-381-7 (v. 2). — ISBN 1-55862-382-5 (v. 3). 1. American literature—20th century—History and criticism. PS221.M53 1998 810.9′005—dc21 98-38952 CIP Printed in the United States of America St. James Press is an imprint of Gale 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
FOREWORD TO THE FIFTH EDITION This new edition of Modern American Literature represents a significant advancement in the series. These volumes collate all entries from the original three volumes of the fourth edition, published in 1960, with entries from the three supplements published in 1976, 1985, and 1997, so that all excerpts on a given author now appear in one place. Seventy new entries have been added, bringing the total number of authors discussed to 489, and bibliographies for all authors have been updated. In addition, the format has been simplified. Citations for journal articles now include the full source title, eliminating the need for the abbreviation key used in previous editions, and bibliographies now immediately follow author entries, rather than appearing in a separate section at the back of the book. The compilers of this edition have built upon the notable efforts of previous editors, each of whom made significant contributions and additions. As in the past, entrants in the series, as well as the sources chosen for excerpting, have been carefully selected to provide broad and instructive overviews of the most significant authors of the modern period in American literature. New authors for this edition have been selected not only on the basis of their prominence but also on their presence in the contemporary curriculum. The richly diverse nature of American letters is reflected in the wide variety of genres represented, from the humorous contemporary tales of Andrei Codrescu to the contemplative nature essays of Annie Dillard