Anxiety (biographies Of Disease)

ANXIETY Biographies of Disease Series Stroke Jonathan A. Edlow Autism Lisa D. Benaron Rabies P. Dileep Kumar Influenza Roni K. Devlin ADHD Paul Graves Hammerness Food Allergies Alice C. Richer Anorexia Stacy Beller Stryer Obesity Kathleen Y. Wolin, Sc.D., and Jennifer M. Petrelli Sports Injuries Jennifer A. Baima Polio Daniel J. Wilson Cancer Susan Elaine Pories, Marsha A. Moses, and Margaret M. Lotz Fibromyalgia Kim D. Jones and Janice H. Hoffman Alcoholism Maria Gifford ANXIETY Cheryl Winning Ghinassi Biographies of Disease Julie K. Silver, M.D., Series Editor Copyright 2010 by Cheryl Winning Ghinassi All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, except for the inclusion of brief quotations in a review, without prior permission in writing from the publisher. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Ghinassi, Cheryl Winning. Anxiety / Cheryl Winning Ghinassi. p. cm. — (Biographies of disease) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-0-313-36242-2 (hard copy : alk. paper) — ISBN 978-0-313-36243-9 (ebook) 1. Anxiety disorders—Popular works. I. Title. RC531.G475 2010 616.850 22—dc22 2010000097 ISBN: 978-0-313-36242-2 EISBN: 978-0-313-36243-9 14 13 12 11 10 1 2 3 4 5 This book is also available on the World Wide Web as an eBook. Visit www.abc-clio.com for details. Greenwood An Imprint of ABC-CLIO, LLC ABC-CLIO, LLC 130 Cremona Drive, P.O. Box 1911 Santa Barbara, California 93116-1911 This book is printed on acid-free paper Manufactured in the United States of America I dedicate this book to my daughter, Rose, and to my parents, James and Edith Winning. This page intentionally left blank Contents Series Foreword Preface Chapter 1. Pictures of Anxiety Scene 1 Scene 2 Scene 3 Anxiety: Normal or Pathological? Anxiety as an Adaptive Survival Response Anxiety as a Motivator to Problem Solving and Planning Anxiety as an Enhancer of Performance Anxiety as a Medical Disorder Chapter 2. Anxiety through the Ages: Prehistory to the 1800s Prehistoric and Ancient Civilizations Spiritual Theories Anxiety and Fear in Warfare The Greeks and the Classical Age The Sixth Century BCE The Asclepians xiii xv 1 1 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 9 9 9 11 11 11 12 viii Contents The First Classification System for Mental Disorders Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle The Roman Empire The Middle Ages An Emerging Light The Fourteenth through Seventeenth Centuries The Eighteenth Century The Nineteenth Century Evolution: A Different Take on Human Behavior Continued Evolution of the Classification of Mental Disorders Chapter 3. The Development of Modern Approaches to Anxiety Disorders Early Development of Specific Treatments for Anxiety and ‘‘Hysteria’’ Major Influences in the Development of Psychoanalysis Freud’s Psychoanalytic Theory in a Nutshell (or the Role of Anxiety in Psychoanalytic Theory) The Development of Behavioral Psychology Movement away from Strict Behaviorism The Development of Cognitive-Behavioral Approaches The Role of Theories of Emotion in the Conceptualization of Anxiety Emotion as Expressive Behaviors Neurobiological Theories Cognitive Appraisal The History of Psychopharmacological Interventions with Anxiety Early Chemical Efforts to Deal with Anxiety Other Nineteenth-Century Developments in Psychopharmacology The Search for Chemical Answers to Severe Mental Illness The Antianxiety Path The Antidepressant Link Continued Advances Chapter 4. The What, Who, and How of Anxiety Disorders The Anxiety Disorders The Specific Disorders Generalized Anxiety Disorder 13 15 16 17 17 18 21 21 21 23 25 25 26 27 29 32 33 35 35 35 36 37 37 39 39 41 42 43 45 45 46 47 Conte