The Trypanosomiases

The Trypanosomiases The Trypanosomiases Edited by Ian Maudlin Professor and Director, Centre for Tropical Veterinary Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK Peter H. Holmes Professor and Vice-Principal, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK Michael A. Miles Professor, Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK CABI Publishing CABI Publishing is a division of CAB International CABI Publishing CAB International Wallingford Oxfordshire OX10 8DE UK Tel: +44 (0)1491 832111 Fax: +44 (0)1491 833508 E-mail: [email protected] Web site: www.cabi-publishing.org CABI Publishing 875 Massachusetts Avenue 7th Floor Cambridge, MA 02139 USA Tel: +1 617 395 4056 Fax: +1 617 354 6875 E-mail: [email protected] © CAB International 2004. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form or by any means, electronically, mechanically, by photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the copyright owners. A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library, London, UK. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data The trypanosomiases / edited by Ian Maudlin, Peter H. Holmes, Michael A. Miles. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-85199-475-X (alk. paper) 1. Trypanosomiases. 2. Trypanosomiases in animals. I. Maudlin, Ian, 1943- II. Holmes, P.H. III. Miles, Michael A. RA644.T69 T785 2003 616.936301--dc22 2003020318 ISBN 0 85199 475 X Typeset in 9/11pt Meridien by Columns Design Ltd, Reading. Printed and bound in the UK by Cromwell Press, Trowbridge. Contents Contributors ix Preface xiii Acknowledgements xvii PART 1. BIOLOGY OF TRYPANOSOMES 1 Systematics of Trypanosomes of Medical and Veterinary Importance J.R. Stevens and S. Brisse 1 2 Antigenic Variation D. Barry and M. Carrington 25 3 The African Trypanosome Genome S.E. Melville, P.A.O. Majiwa and A. Tait 39 4 Communication in Trypanosomatids D.P. Nolan, J.A. Garcia-Salcedo, L. Vanhamme and E. Pays 59 5 Genetics and Molecular Epidemiology of Trypanosomes G. Hide and A. Tait 77 PART 2. VECTOR BIOLOGY 6 Tsetse Genetics: Applications to Biology and Systematics R.H. Gooding and E.S. Krafsur 95 7 Tsetse Population Dynamics J.W. Hargrove 113 8 Tsetse Distribution D.J. Rogers and T.P. Robinson 139 9 Triatominae: Systematics, Morphology and Population Biology J.-P. Dujardin and C.J. Schofield 181 v vi Contents PART 3. EPIDEMIOLOGY AND DIAGNOSIS 10 Diagnosis of Human African Trypanosomiasis P. Büscher and V. Lejon 203 11 Epidemiology of Human African Trypanosomiasis S.C. Welburn, E.M. Fèvre, P.G. Coleman and I. Maudlin 219 12 Diagnosis of American Trypanosomiasis A.O. Luquetti 233 13 Epidemiology of American Trypanosomiasis M.A. Miles, M. Yeo and M.W. Gaunt 243 14 Diagnosis and Epidemiology of African Animal Trypanosomiasis M.C. Eisler, R.H. Dwinger, P.A.O. Majiwa and K. Picozzi 253 15 Non-tsetse-transmitted Animal Trypanosomiasis A.G. Luckins and R.H. Dwinger 269 PART 4. PATHOGENESIS 16 Pathogenesis of Human African Trypanosomiasis V.W. Pentreath and P.G.E. Kennedy 283 17 Pathogenesis of Americ