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HIGHER EDUCATION AND OPINION MAKING IN TWENTIETH-CENTURY ENGLAND
Previous books include: Expectations of Higher Education: Some Historical Pointers (with P.Silver) (1981) Education as History: Interpreting Nineteenth and Twentieth Century Education (1983) A Liberal Vocationalism (with J.Brennan) (1988) Education, Change and the Policy Process (1990) A Higher Education: The Council for National Academic Awards and British Higher Education (1990) An Educational War on Poverty: American and British Policy Making 1960–1980 (with P.Silver) (1991) Good Schools, Effective Schools: Judgements and their History (1994) Students; Changing Roles, Changing Lives (with P.Silver) (1997) Researching Education: Themes in Teaching and Learning (1999) Innovating in Higher Education: Teaching, Learning and Institutional Cultures (2000)
HIGHER EDUCATION AND OPINION MAKING IN TWENTIETHCENTURY ENGLAND HAROLD SILVER University of Plymouth
WOBURN PRESS LONDON • PORTLAND, OR
First published in 2003 in Great Britain by FRANK CASS PUBLISHERS Crown House, 47 Chase Side, Southgate London N14 5BP This edition published in the Taylor & Francis e-Library, 2005. “To purchase your own copy of this or any of Taylor & Francis or Routledge’s collection of thousands of eBooks please go to www.eBookstore.tandf.co.uk.” and in the United States of America by FRANK CASS PUBLISHERS c/o ISBS, 920 N.E 58th Avenue, Suite 300 Portland, OR 97213–3786 Website: www.frankcass.com Copyright © 2003 Harold Silver British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data Silver, Harold, 1928– Higher education and oinion making in twentieth-century England 1. Education, Higher—England—History—20th century I. Title 378.4’2’0904 ISBN 0-203-48777-X Master e-book ISBN
ISBN 0-203-58113-X (Adobe eReader Format) ISBN 0-7130-0231 X (cloth) ISBN 0-7130-4049 1 (paper) ISSN 1462-2076 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data A catalog record for this book is available from the Library of Congress All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in or introduced into a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher of this book.
CONTENTS
List of Illustrations
vi
Acknowledgements
vii
Abbreviations; archive references
viii
Foreword
PART I:
x
SYSTEM MAKING 1
Preludes
2
2
Early decades: ‘Unequal and inadequate’
12
3
1940s: ‘A new crispness’
33
PART II: VALUES 4
Truscot: ‘The universities’ speaking conscience’
55
5
Postwar: ‘A ferment of thought’
77
6
Moberly: ‘The status quo and its defects’
99
7
1950s: ‘Modern needs’
126
8
Ashby: ‘The age of technology’
150
PART III: A NATIONAL PURPOSE 9
1960s: ‘Expansionism’
174
10
Final decades: ‘Painful transformation’
209
11
Pressures and silences
250
Index
264
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
1. Lord Haldane with Albert Einstein. 2. ‘The Project of a University College at Hull’, by the Principal, University Bulletin (University College, Hull), 1930. 3. Abraham Flexner. 4. Ernest (Lord) Simon. 5. ‘A Redbrick Tea-Party’, by ‘Bruce Truscot’, Universities Review. 6. ‘Introducing Universities Quarterly’, 1946. 7. Sir Walter Moberly speaking on the television programme ‘Viewpoint’ about changes in the Church in his lifetime. 8. A.D. (Lord) Lindsay, c. 1950. 9. Eric (Lord) Ashby, 1979, Salt Lake City. 10. ‘Lone Voices: Views of the “Fifties’”, by Kingsley Amis, Encounter, July 1960. 11. Lionel