Geology For Civil Engineers

GEOLOGY FOR CIVIL ENGINEERS TITLES OF RELATED INTEREST Construction Methods and Planning J.R.Illingworth Contaminated Land—Problems and Solutions Edited by T.Cairney Engineering the Channel Tunnel Edited by C.Kirkland Engineering Treatment of Soils F.G.Bell Foundations of Engineering Geology A.C.Waltham Geology of Construction Materials J.F.Prentice Pile Design and Construction Practice M.J.Tomlinson Piling Engineering W.G.K.Fleming, A.J.Weltman, M.F.Randolph and W.K.Elson Rock Mechanics for Underground Mining B.H.G.Brady and E.T.Brown Rock Slope Engineering E.Hoek and J.W.Bray Rutley’s Elements of Mineralogy C.D.Gribble The Stability of Slopes E.N.Bromhead Soil Mechanics R.F.Craig Underground Excavations in Rock E.Hoek and E.T.Brown For details of these and other titles, contact the Marketing Department E & FN Spon, 11 New Fetter Lane, London EC4P 4EE, UK. Tel: +44(0) 171 842 2180 GEOLOGY FOR CIVIL ENGINEERS Second Edition A.C.McLean C.D.Gribble University of Glasgow First published 1979 by E & FN Spon, an imprint of Chapman & Hall Second edition 1985 This edition published in the Taylor & Francis e-Library, 2005. “To purchase your own copy of this or any of Taylor & Francis or Routledge's collection of thousands of eBooks please go to www.eBookstore.tandf.co.uk.” © 1979 A.C.McLean; 1979, 1985 C.D.Gribble All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilized in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers. British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library ISBN 0-203-36215-2 Master e-book ISBN ISBN 0-203-37473-8 (Adobe e-Reader Format) ISBN 0-419-16000-0 (pbk) zvvii This book is dedicated to the memory of Dr Adam McLean zvviii Preface to the second edition Adam McLean and I were asked by Roger Jones of Allen & Unwin to consider producing a second edition of our book after the first edition had been published for a few years. Critical appraisals of the first edition were sought, and I am most grateful to Professor Van Dine and Dr Drummond for their many detailed and helpful comments. I should also particularly like to thank Dr Bill French, who pointed out where corrections were required and also where additions (and subtractions) to the text could gainfully be made without changing the original flavour of our book. I have incorporated most of these helpful suggestions and hope that the text has been improved, but any mistakes and inaccuracies are mine. At the beginning of the revision Adam McLean became ill, and the illness got progressively worse until, in March 1983, he died. In memory of all the enjoyment we had with the first edition, I should like to dedicate the second edition to Adam with my respect. Colin Gribble Glasgow, September 1983 zvix Preface to the first edition The impulse to write this book stemmed from a course of geology given by us to engineering undergraduates at the University of Glasgow. The course has changed, and we hope improved, during the twenty years since one of us was first involved with it. It was essentially a scaled-down version of an introductory course to science undergraduates; it is now radically different both in content and in the mode of teaching it. Our main thought, as we gradually reshaped it, was to meet the special interests and professional needs of budding civil engineers. It is a matter for serious debate as to whether time should be found within an engineering course for classes of a broad cultural nature. Our experience in teaching indicates that the relevance of subject matter to the vocation of those taught usually