E-Book Content
Cover images 0Murray Robertsonhisual elements 1998-99, taken from the 109 Visual Elements Periodic Table, available at www.chemsoc.org/viselements
ISBN 0-85404-662-3
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library
0 The Royal Society of Chemistry 2002 All rights reserved Apart j i o m unj’jhir dealingfor the purposes of research or private study, or criticism or review as permitted under the terms of the UK Copj’right, Designs and Patents Act, 1988, thispuhlication n?aj?not he reproduced, Jtored or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the prior permission in writing of The Roycrl Society of Chemistry, or in the cuse of reprographic reproduction only in accordance wiith the terms of the licences issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency in the UK, or in accordance with the t e r m of the licences issued by the appropriate Reproduction Rights Orgunization outside the UK. Enquiritv concerning reproduction outside the terms stated here should he sent fo The R o y d Society of Chemistry at the addressprinted on this page. Published by The Royal Society of Chemistry. Thomas Graham House, Science Park, Milton Road, Cambridge CB4 OWF, UK Registered Charity No. 207890 For further information see our web site at www.rsc.org Typeset in Great Britain by Wyvern 21, Bristol Printed and bound by Polestar Wheatons Ltd, Exeter
Preface Aromatic chemistry, in terms of the production of derivatives of benzene and, to a less extent, other carbocyclic aromatic compounds, is of immense industrial importance and is the mainstay of many chemical companies. Derived products are in general use across such diverse industries as pharmaceuticals, dyestuffs, and polymers. The aromatic chemistry required by an undergraduate in chemistry, biochemistry, materials science and related disciplines is assembled in this text, which also provides a link to other aspects of organic chemistry and a platform for further study. In line with the series style, a number of worked problems and a selection of questions designed to help the student to understand the principles described are included. The first chapter discusses the concept of aromaticity, after which there is a description of aromatic substitution reactions. Chapters covering the chemistry of the major functionalized derivatives of benzene follow. A chapter on the use of metals in aromatic chemistry discusses not only the chemistry of Grignard reagents and aryllithium compounds but also the more recent uses of transition metals in the synthesis of aromatic compounds. The penultimate chapter discusses the oxidation and reduction of the benzene ring and the text concludes with the chemistry of some polycyclic compounds. We have chosen to use the names of chemicals that are in common usage on the basis that students should then be able to read and make use of the chemicd literature and also to locate chemicals in the laboratory. Systematic names are given in parentheses at the first appropriate opportunity. Ideally, a student should be able to use both systems interchangeably without difficulty. The RSC website has an Appendix of Common and Systematic Names (http://www.chemsoc.org/pdf/tct/functionalappendix.pdf) to which students are referred. A Further Reading list is also available at (http://www.chemsoc.org/pdf/tct/functionalreading.pd~. We are grateful to Dr. Mark Heron for his valuable comments on the draft manuscript and to Dr. Alan Jones and Ms. Beryl Newel1 for their help in preparation of the final manuscript. Mr. Martyn Berry and Professor Alwyn Davies FRS offered advice, encouragement and criticism throughout the preparation of the text which were most appreciated. Mrs. Janet Freshwater of the Royal Society of Chemistry was involved in the project from start to finish and we thank her for her efficiency and guidance. We thank our wives, Annabelle, Margaret an