Transformation In Higher Education: Global Pressures And Local Realities (higher Education Dynamics)

TRANSFORMATION IN HIGHER EDUCATION HIGHER EDUCATION DYNAMICS VOLUME 10 Series Editor Peter Maassen, University of Oslo, Norway, and University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands Editorial Board Alberto Amaral, Universidade do Porto, Portugal Akira Arimoto, Hiroshima University, Japan Nico Cloete, CHET, Pretoria, South Africa David Dill, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA Jürgen Enders, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands Patricia Gumport, Stanford University, USA Mary Henkel, Brunel University, Uxbridge, United Kingdom Glenn Jones, University of Toronto, Canada SCOPE OF THE SERIES Higher Education Dynamics is a bookseries intending to study adaptation processes and their outcomes in higher education at all relevant levels. In addition it wants to examine the way interactions between these levels affect adaptation processes. It aims at applying general social science concepts and theories as well as testing theories in the field of higher education research. It wants to do so in a manner that is of relevance to all those professionally involved in higher education, be it as ministers, policy-makers, politicians, institutional leaders or administrators, higher education researchers, members of the academic staff of universities and colleges, or students. It will include both mature and developing systems of higher education, covering public as well as private institutions. TRANSFORMATION IN HIGHER EDUCATION Global Pressures and Local Realities Edited by NICO CLOETE Center for Higher Education Transformation, Cape Town, South Africa PETER MAASSEN University of Oslo, Norway RICHARD FEHNEL Consultant, Seattle, U.S.A. TEBOHO MOJA Department of Education, Pretoria, South Africa TRISH GIBBON Consultant, Durban, South Africa and HELENE PEROLD Consultant, Johannesburg, South Africa A C.I.P. Catalogue record for this book is available from the Library of Congress. ISBN-10 ISBN-13 ISBN-10 ISBN-13 1-4020-4005-9 (HB) 978-1-4020-4005-4 (HB) 1-4020-4006-7 (e-book) 978-1-4020-4006-1 (e-book) Published by Springer, P.O. Box 17, 3300 AA Dordrecht, The Netherlands. www.springer.com Printed on acid-free paper All Rights Reserved © 2006 Springer No part of this work may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming, recording or otherwise, without written permission from the Publisher, with the exception of any material supplied specifically for the purpose of being entered and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use by the purchaser of the work. Printed in the Netherlands. CONTENTS Preface Acknowledgements Acronyms Introduction vii ix xi 1 SECTION 1 THE HIGHER EDUCATION TRANSFORMATION CONTEXT Chapter 1 Chapter 2 Chapter 3 Global Reform Trends in Higher Education The Higher Education Landscape Under Apartheid Policy Expectations 7 35 53 SECTION 2 THE SOUTH AFRICAN EXPERIENCE 67 Part 1 Introduction Chapter 4 Chapter 5 Conclusion Funding and students Par