People And Organizations: Explorations Of Human-centered Design (wiley Series In Systems Engineering And Management)

People and Organizations Explorations of Human-Centered Design William B. Rouse BICENTENNIAL BICENTENNIAL WILEY-INTERSCIENCE A John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Publication This Page Intentionally Left Blank People and Organizations T H Ew t i E Y BICENTENNIAL-KNOWLEDGE FOR G E N E R A T I O N S 6 ach generation has its unique needs and aspirations. When Charles Wiley first opened his small printing shop in lower Manhattan in 1807, it was a generation of boundless potential searching for an identity. And we were there, helping to define a new American literary tradition. Over half a century later, in the midst of the Second Industrial Revolution, it was a generation focused on building the future. Once again, we were there, supplying the critical scientific, technical, and engineering knowledge that helped frame the world. Throughout the 20th Century, and into the new millennium, nations began to reach out beyond their own borders and a new international community was born. Wiley was there, expanding its operations around the world to enable a global exchange of ideas, opinions, and know-how. For 200 years, Wiley has been an integral part of each generation’s journey, enabling the flow of information and understanding necessary to meet their needs and fulfill their aspirations. Today, bold new technologies are changing the way we live and learn. Wiley will be there, providing you the must-have knowledge you need to imagine new worlds, new possibilities, and new opportunities. Generations come and go, but you can always count on Wiley to provide you the knowledge you need, when and where you need it! WILLIAM J. PESCE PRESIDENT AND CHIEF EXECUTIVE OmCER PETER BOOTH WlLEV CHAIRMAN OF THE BOARD People and Organizations Explorations of Human-Centered Design William B. Rouse BICENTENNIAL BICENTENNIAL WILEY-INTERSCIENCE A John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Publication Copyright 0 2007 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, New Jersey. Published simultaneously in Canada. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning, or otherwise, except as permitted under Section 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act, without either the prior written permission of the Publisher, or authorization through payment of the appropriate per-copy fee to the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc., 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, (978) 750-8400, fax (978) 750-4470, or on the web at www.copyright.com. Requests to the Publisher for permission should be addressed to the Permissions Department, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030, (201) 748-601 1, fax (201) 748-6008, or online at http://www.wiley.com/go/permission. Limit of LiabilityiDisclaimer of Warranty: While the publisher and author have ustd their best efforts in preparing this book, they make no representations or warranties with respect to the accuracy or completeness of the contents of this book and specifically disclaim any implied warranties