The Making Of The Modern Child: Children's Literature In The Late Eighteenth Century (children's Literature And Culture, 28)

THE MAKING OF THE MODERN CHILD THE MAKING OF THE MODERN CHILD CHILDREN’S LITERATURE AND CHILDHOOD IN THE LATE ElGHTEENTH CENTURY ANDREW O’MALLEY Routledge New York London Published in 2003 by Routledge 29 West 35th Street New York, NY 10001 www.routledge-ny.com Published in Great Britain by Routledge 11 New Fetter Lane London EC4P 4EE www.routledge.co.uk Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group. This edition published in the Taylor & Francis e-Library, 2005. “To purchase your own copy of this or any of Taylor & Francis or Routledge’s collection of thousands of eBooks please go to www.eBookstore.tandf.co.uk.” Copyright © 2003 by Taylor & Francis Books, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilized in any form or by any electronic, mechanical or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data O’Malley, Andrew, 1968– The making of the modern child : children’s literature and childhood in the late eighteenth century/by Andrew O’Malley. p. cm.— (Children’s literature and culture : 28) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-415-94299-3 (alk. paper) 1. Children’s literature, English—History and criticism. 2. English literature—18th century—History and criticism. 3. Children—Books and reading—Great Britain—History—18th century. 4. Children—Great Britain—History—18th century. I. Title. II. Series. PR990.043 2003 820.8 ′09282 ′ 09033—dc21 2003006065 ISBN 0-203-50431-3 Master e-book ISBN ISBN 0-203-57618-7 (Adobe eReader Format) Contents Acknowledgments vi Series Editor’s Foreword, Jack Zipes vii INTRODUCTION THE ENGLISH MIDDLE CLASSES OF THE LATE EIGHTEENTH CENTURY AND THE IMPETUS FOR PEDAGOGICAL REFORM 1 CHAPTER 1 THE COACH AND SIX: CHAPBOOK RESIDUE IN LATE EIGHTEENTH-CENTURY CHILDREN’S LITERATURE 17 CHAPTER 2 CLASS RELATIONS IN MIDDLE-CLASS CHILDREN’S LITERATURE: INTERACTING WITH AND REPRESENTING THE POOR AND THE RICH 40 CHAPTER 3 THE MEDICAL MANAGEMENT OF THE LATE EIGHTEENTH-CENTURY CHILD 67 CHAPTER 4 TOWARD THE SELF-REGULATING SUBJECT: TEACHING DISCIPLINE IN PEDAGOGICAL SYSTEMS AND CHILDREN’S BOOKS 87 CHAPTER 5 MOLDING THE MIDDLE-CLASS SUBJECT OF THE FUTURE: APPLIED LESSONS AND THE CONSTRUCTION OF GENDER ROLES 103 CONCLUSION THE TRAJECTORY OF CHILDREN’S LITERATURE INTO THE EARLY NINETEENTH CENTURY: MOVING TOWARD A MIDDLE-CLASS FORM OF FANTASY 126 Notes 139 v Works Cited 167 Index 178 Acknowledgments I have received help and support from a number of sources, and would like to express my gratitude to: Jo-Ann Wallace and Isobel Grundy for all their guidance and assistance; Leslie Cormack, Patricia Demers, Gary Kelly, David Miall, and Anne Shteir for their insights and comments on my work; Leslie McGrath and the kind people at the Osborne Collection of Early Children’s Books in Toronto for their help in locating materials over the years and for the photographs used in this book; Clive Hunt and the Special Collections